Lecture 3 - Mediastinum & Heart Anatomy Flashcards
What is the heart
A double muscular pump in middle mediastinum
The right side of the heart receives
Poorly oxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk
The left side of the heart receives
Well-oxygenated blood and pumps it through aorta to distribute to the rest of the body
What are the 4 borders of the heart
Function of the right atrium
Function of the right ventricle
Function of the left atrium
Function of the left ventricle
Describe the cardiac cycle(6)
- De-oxygenated blood enters right atrium through SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus
- De-oxygenated blood enters right ventricle through tricuspid valve
- De-oxygenated blood enters pulmonary trunk through pulmonary valve to go to lungs
- Oxygenated blood enters left atrium from lungs through pulmonary veins
- Oxygenated blood enters left ventricle through bicuspid (mitral valve)
- Oxygenated blood enters aorta through aortic valve to be distributed through the rest of the body
How many pulmonary veins are at the heart
2 from right, 2 from left (4 in total)
Right atrium function
Label the right atrium
Fossa ovalis function
Coronary sinus function
Tricuspid valve function
Crista terminalis function
Pectinate muscle function
Right ventricle function
Label the right ventricle
Tricuspid valve function
Chorda tendinae function
Trabeculae carnae function
semilunar valve function
Papillary muscles function
Moderator band function
Left atrium function
Label the left atrium
Function of bicuspid valve
Left ventricle function
Label the left ventricle
Trabeculae carnae function
Semilunar valve function
What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle
- Diastole (filling phase)
- Systole (emptying phase)
Describe the diastole (filling phase)
- Blood enters right and left atria
- Atrioventricular valves open
- Atria contracts and blood fills ventricles
Describe the systole (emptying phase)
- Atrioventricular valve closes
- Ventricle contracts and propels blood to pulmonary trunk and aorta
- Aortic and pulmonary valves close
What are the 2 heart sounds, what cardia phase do they occur in, and why do they occur?
What are the 4 auscultation sites of the heart
What 2 arteries supply the hear
Right and left coronary arteries
Right coronary artery arises from
Right aortic sinus
Left coronary artery arises from
Left aortic sinus
What happens when the aortic valves close
Blood collects in the sinuses and then flows through the coronary arteries
Right coronary artery travels in
Coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus
What is the main branch of the left coronary artery
anterior interventricular
The left coronary artery travels through
Interventricular sulcus
The coronary veins carry
de-oxygenated blood from heart to right atrium
Coronary sinus
Drains all blood into the right atrium
Mediastinum is bounded by
- Superior thoracic aperture superiorly and diaphragm inferiorly
- Anteriorly by costal cartilages and sternum and posteriorly by thoracic vertebrae
- Lined laterally by mediastinal pleura (lungs)
Is the mediastinum mobile?
Yes because the heart needs to pump and move a lot
What are the contents of the mediastinum?
What are the 4 compartments of the mediastinum
Describe the location of the mediastinum
1) Lies posterior to sternum and innermost intercostal muscles
2) Lies anterior to middle mediastinum
3) Extends from superior mediastinum to diaphragm
What does the anterior mediastinum contain (3)
- Internal thoracic arteries
- Fat and loose connective tissue
- Thymus (in children)
Label the anterior mediastinum
What are the contents of the superior mediastinum
What are the vessels of the superior mediastinum
Label the vessels of the superior mediastinum
Describe the vessels of superior mediastinum and thoracic cage
What are the 2 nerves of the superior mediastinum
- Vagus nerves
- Phrenic nerves
What is the location of the vagus nerve
What is the location of the phrenic nerve
7 characteristics of the phrenic nerve
4 characteristics of the vagus nerve
What makes up the viscera of the superior mediastinum (3)
What are the contents of the middle mediastinum (6)
What are the 3 layers of the pericardium and describe them
Fibrous pericardium fuses with
Great vessels
Visceral serous pericardium is
part of the heart (epicardium)
Serous pericardium
Forms the sac around the heart
What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum (6)
Name 5 characteristics of the thoracic aorta
What are the 4 branches of the thoracic aorta and what do they supply
List 4 characteristics of the esophagus
List 4 characteristics of the thoracic duct
List 6 characteristics of the azygous system