Lecture 3 - Mediastinum & Heart Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
What is the heart
A
A double muscular pump in middle mediastinum
2
Q
The right side of the heart receives
A
Poorly oxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk
3
Q
The left side of the heart receives
A
Well-oxygenated blood and pumps it through aorta to distribute to the rest of the body
4
Q
What are the 4 borders of the heart
A
5
Q
Function of the right atrium
A
6
Q
Function of the right ventricle
A
7
Q
Function of the left atrium
A
8
Q
Function of the left ventricle
A
9
Q
Describe the cardiac cycle(6)
A
- De-oxygenated blood enters right atrium through SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus
- De-oxygenated blood enters right ventricle through tricuspid valve
- De-oxygenated blood enters pulmonary trunk through pulmonary valve to go to lungs
- Oxygenated blood enters left atrium from lungs through pulmonary veins
- Oxygenated blood enters left ventricle through bicuspid (mitral valve)
- Oxygenated blood enters aorta through aortic valve to be distributed through the rest of the body
10
Q
How many pulmonary veins are at the heart
A
2 from right, 2 from left (4 in total)
11
Q
Right atrium function
A
12
Q
Label the right atrium
A
13
Q
Fossa ovalis function
A
14
Q
Coronary sinus function
A
15
Q
Tricuspid valve function
A
16
Q
Crista terminalis function
A
17
Q
Pectinate muscle function
A
18
Q
Right ventricle function
A
19
Q
Label the right ventricle
A
20
Q
Tricuspid valve function
A
21
Q
Chorda tendinae function
A
22
Q
Trabeculae carnae function
A
23
Q
semilunar valve function
A
24
Q
Papillary muscles function
A
25
Moderator band function
26
Left atrium function
27
Label the left atrium
28
Function of bicuspid valve
29
Left ventricle function
30
Label the left ventricle
31
Trabeculae carnae function
32
Semilunar valve function
33
What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle
1. Diastole (filling phase)
2. Systole (emptying phase)
34
Describe the diastole (filling phase)
1. Blood enters right and left atria
2. Atrioventricular valves open
3. Atria contracts and blood fills ventricles
35
Describe the systole (emptying phase)
1. Atrioventricular valve closes
2. Ventricle contracts and propels blood to pulmonary trunk and aorta
3. Aortic and pulmonary valves close
36
What are the 2 heart sounds, what cardia phase do they occur in, and why do they occur?
37
What are the 4 auscultation sites of the heart
38
What 2 arteries supply the hear
Right and left coronary arteries
39
Right coronary artery arises from
Right aortic sinus
40
Left coronary artery arises from
Left aortic sinus
41
What happens when the aortic valves close
Blood collects in the sinuses and then flows through the coronary arteries
42
Right coronary artery travels in
Coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus
43
What is the main branch of the left coronary artery
anterior interventricular
44
The left coronary artery travels through
Interventricular sulcus
45
The coronary veins carry
de-oxygenated blood from heart to right atrium
46
Coronary sinus
Drains all blood into the right atrium
47
Mediastinum is bounded by
1. Superior thoracic aperture superiorly and diaphragm inferiorly
2. Anteriorly by costal cartilages and sternum and posteriorly by thoracic vertebrae
3. Lined laterally by mediastinal pleura (lungs)
48
Is the mediastinum mobile?
Yes because the heart needs to pump and move a lot
49
What are the contents of the mediastinum?
50
What are the 4 compartments of the mediastinum
51
Describe the location of the mediastinum
1) Lies posterior to sternum and innermost intercostal muscles
2) Lies anterior to middle mediastinum
3) Extends from superior mediastinum to diaphragm
52
What does the anterior mediastinum contain (3)
1. Internal thoracic arteries
2. Fat and loose connective tissue
3. Thymus (in children)
53
Label the anterior mediastinum
54
What are the contents of the superior mediastinum
55
What are the vessels of the superior mediastinum
56
Label the vessels of the superior mediastinum
57
Describe the vessels of superior mediastinum and thoracic cage
58
What are the 2 nerves of the superior mediastinum
1. Vagus nerves
2. Phrenic nerves
59
What is the location of the vagus nerve
60
What is the location of the phrenic nerve
61
7 characteristics of the phrenic nerve
62
4 characteristics of the vagus nerve
63
What makes up the viscera of the superior mediastinum (3)
64
What are the contents of the middle mediastinum (6)
65
What are the 3 layers of the pericardium and describe them
66
Fibrous pericardium fuses with
Great vessels
67
Visceral serous pericardium is
part of the heart (epicardium)
68
Serous pericardium
Forms the sac around the heart
69
What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum (6)
70
Name 5 characteristics of the thoracic aorta
71
What are the 4 branches of the thoracic aorta and what do they supply
72
List 4 characteristics of the esophagus
73
List 4 characteristics of the thoracic duct
74
List 6 characteristics of the azygous system
75
