Cardiorespiratory Assessment Flashcards
What are the 4 components of a physical exam during a cardiorespiratory assessment
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion (tapping and listening to sound)
Auscultation (Listening with stethoscope)
What should you look for in inspection
What is the normal breathing rate for an adult
12-20 breaths per minute (I:E = 1:2)
Why do we occasionally sigh
bigger deeper breath than normal -> need to make sure any area that don’t get air, get filled back up to prevent collapse of alveoli = keep alveoli and lungs open
Name that breathing pattern
Eupnea = normal breathing
Name that breathing pattern
Tachypnea = increased breathing (eg. exercise)
Name that breathing pattern
Hyperpnea = deep breathing (eg. exercise)
Name that breathing pattern
Bradypnea = slow breathing
Name that breathing pattern
Apnea = Periods where you stop breathing (can be central (brain) or peripheral (soft tissue structures)
Name that breathing pattern
Kussmaul’s ventilation = Steady increased rate and depth = diabetic ketoacidosis = using fat for energy = trying to breath off carbon dioxide and acidity to compensate for metabolic acidosis
Name that breathing pattern
Cheyne Stokes = Brain isnt getting enough blood or heart failure (decrescendo crescendo)
D
Name that breathing pattern
Biot’s Ventilation = Breathing then stopping -> tells us about medical stability
What are the 6 types of thoracic cage structure and posture positions
Kyphosis vs barrel chest
Kyphosis = restrictive and hard for lungs to expand
Barrel chest = response due to air trapping (hyperventilation eg. COPD) causing bigger lung capacity due to hyperinflation
What are some aspects we should be looking for in the head, neck, thorax and extremities
What are we looking for when a patient coughs
- Effectiveness -> one or two word dyspnea (how many words they can get between each breath; effective means something comes out vs ineffective means nothing comes out
- Strength
- Quality -> wet or dry
- Frequency -> How often they are coughing
- Control -> coughing repeatedly (attack) or are they in control and can stop the cough
What should we be looking for with sputum
Color, consistency quantity, change from baseline, smell
What are 5 signs of respiratory distress
Name: IV Line -> can pull but DONT
Purpose: Hydrations, electrolytes
Name: Arterial line(named based on artery it goes in) -> lots of blood loss if pulled = DON’T DO IT
Purpose: ABG’s/blood readings, blood pressure
Purpose: Urinary Catheter (fully)
Purpose: Don’t put above bladder and tube needs to be out of the way
Name: Chest tube in intercostal space
Purpose: Drains fluid or air from pleural space
Implications: Don’t want it above where it is inserting or kinked. Do not pull as it is sutured in.
Name: Oxygen tube (nasal prongs)
Purpose: Delivers supplemental oxygen
Implications: No big deal to be pulled out
What are 5 points of palpation
What should you be looking for on chest expansion
What should you be looking for with tracheal positioning with respiratory disease
What is tactile fremitus, what would you perform on assessment, and what are causes that increase or decrease fremitus
How do you perform percussion and what is the difference between resonant, hyper-resonant and dull
How to perform auscultation and where
What are 2 types of air entry sounds and there quality, location and when they are heard
What are 6 types of adventitia (sounds you should not hear) breath sounds
Asthma (exacerbation) observation, palpation, auscultation, cough
Chronic bronchitis observation, palpation, auscultation, cough
Emphysema observation, palpation, auscultation, cough
Cystic fibrosis observation, palpation, auscultation, cough
Bronchiectasis observation, palpation, auscultation, cough
Atelectasis observation, palpation, auscultation, cough
Pneumonia observation, palpation, auscultation, cough
Pulmonary edema observation, palpation, auscultation, cough
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) observation, palpation, auscultation, cough
Pulmonary embolism observation, palpation, auscultation, cough
Lung contusion observation, palpation, auscultation, cough
