LECTURE 3- LONG TERM MEMORY SYSTEMS Flashcards
What is declarative memory/ explicit
CONSOIUS RECOLLECTION
includes episodic memory and semantic memory
episodic memory- recall of events, personal in nature. Episodic memory is constructive meaning we access the gist of things, with trivial details omitted= may form errors or biases
semantic memory-facts and general knowledge about the world- abstracted from experience. Stored in concepts which are organised in hierarchies.
superordinate= simple
basic level
subordinate= detailed levels
- normally start at basic until you become an expert at a given topic
semantic memory is also
stored in schemas
evidence of distinctions between episodic and semantic memory-
INTERDEPENDECNE- Some argue they involve similar brain systems at time of encoding and retrieval = Kan et al 2009- episodic memory task- learn prices f grocery items. Prices were either congruent on incongruent with prior knowledge (semantic memory) sp if they match our prior knowledge or not- FINDINGS- healthy individuals (control gorup) had better memory for congruent prices BUT amnesiac patients with poor semantic memory showed no congruent effect (weather incongruent or congruent no effect on episodic memory task)- So although distinct they are interlinked.
non declarative memory/ implicit
UNCONSCIOUS
Priming occurs in the neocortex- this is facilitated learning of a repeated stimulus/ something tied to a specific stimulus- priming leads you to remember a specific event or behave a certain way via unconscious triggers
- perceptual priming- repeated presentation of a stimulus leads to a facilitated processing of its perceptual features e.g. shown a visual representation
- conceptual priming- repeated presentation of a stimulus leads to facilitated processing of its meaning
procedural memories- occurs in the basal ganglia= skill learning memories e.g. ridings a bike. This occurs very slowly and is generalised to many stimuli
What is everyday memory
- incidental - we don’t mean to learn them
- they last a long time and often remembered
- social factors are important
- accuracy is not the main goal
What is lab based memory
- intentional memories
- only remember info shortly beforehand
- social factors absent
- motivated to be as accurate as possible.
What is autobiographical memory?
life events (related to episodic memory)- these memories are complex and have personal significance which extend back to many years
what is a flashbulb memory/
type of autobiographical memory- vivid and distinctive memory of events, long lasting as there is an intense emotional link
What is trauma
childhood amnesia
neurogenesis
reminiscence bump
trauma- painful memories repressd to protect psychological harm
childhood amnesia= inability to recall autobiographical memories from childhood
neurogenisis- process of generating new neurons
reminiscence bump= recall disproportionate number of memories from early adulthood as so many major life events occur
What is prospective memory
remembering to perform an intended action for future events.
essentially remembering to remember
what is retrospective memory
memory for things that have happened in the past
emphasis is on the past, what we already know is high in information content
includes episodic, semantic,
can be explicit or implicit
stages of prospective memory=
- intention formation- intention is linked to a specific cue
- retention interval- environmental monitoring of task relevant cues
- cue detection and intention retrieval
- intentional recall= retrieve info from retrospective memory
- intention execution
types of prospective memory
Time based- remembering to perform an intended action at the right time
Even based- remembering to perform an intended action in the right place
Implementation intentions- action plans to achieve goal- refer to where, when, and how the goal will be achieved
