Lecture 3 8/30/23

Question 1

What are the characteristics of dendritic cells?

Answer 1

-most potent antigen-presenting cells
-more powerful than neutrophils and macrophages
-capture, process, and present antigens to adaptive cells

Question 2

How do dendritic cells kill?

Answer 2

nitric oxide

Question 3

Why are dendritic cells so crucial to the adaptive immune system?

Answer 3

DCs are the only antigen-processing cells that can activate naïve T cells

Question 4

Why are dendritic cells said to act as sentinels?

Answer 4

they patrol the mucosal surfaces of the gut and capture foreign antigens from new foods/substances to test

Question 5

What are the five types of dendritic cell?

Answer 5

-plasmacytoid
-classical type 1
-classical type 2
-follicular
-Langerhans

Question 6

Which dendritic cells are produced by myeloid precursors?

Answer 6

-classical types 1 and 2
-follicular
-Langerhans

Question 7

Which dendritic cell is produced by lymphoid precursors?

Answer 7

plasmacytoid

Question 8

What are the characteristics of Langerhans cells?

Answer 8

-found in the deeper layers of skin
-trap antigens entering through the epidermis

Question 9

What diseases are Langerhans cells involved in?

Answer 9

-delayed hypersensitivity
-allergic contact dermatitis

Question 10

What type of pathogen do plasmacytoid and classical type 1 DCs respond to?

Answer 10

viruses

Question 11

How do plasmacytoid and classical type 1 DCs kill?

Answer 11

interferon

Question 12

How do Langerhans cells kill?

Answer 12

Birbeck granules/X bodies

Question 13

What roles do classical type 2 and follicular DCs play?

Answer 13

essential for:
-helper T cell activation
-antibody production
-B cell memory development

Question 14

What type of infections are classical type 2 and follicular DCs present in?

Answer 14

bacterial and parasitic infections

Question 15

What substance is secreted by classical type 2 and follicular DCs?

Answer 15

cytokines

Question 16

Which complement proteins are important for the immune system?

Answer 16

C1 through 9

Question 17

Which cell type synthesizes the majority of complement proteins?

Answer 17

hepatocytes

Question 18

Which cell type produces the C2 complement protein?

Answer 18

macrophages

Question 19

Which cell type produces the C1q complement protein?

Answer 19

mast cells

Question 20

Which cell type produces the C6 and C7 complement proteins?

Answer 20

neutrophils

Question 21

What is the membrane attack complex?

Answer 21

a pore created when complement proteins bind on the surface of bacteria with additional proteins

Question 22

What is the importance of the membrane attack complex?

Answer 22

-pore allows fluid to rush into the bacteria
-bacterial cell lysis and death occur as a result

Question 23

What are the three activation pathways for complement?

Answer 23

-innate
-alternate
-classical

Question 24

When is the innate pathway triggered?

Answer 24

when mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds directly to a microbe

Question 25

Which microbes trigger the innate pathway?

Answer 25

-Salmonella
-Candida

Question 26

When is the alternate pathway triggered?

Answer 26

when the C3b protein directly binds a micrboe

Question 27

Which microbes trigger the alternate pathway?

Answer 27

-Clostridium
-Staphylococcus

Question 28

Which complement activation pathway requires the adaptive immune system?

Answer 28

classical

Question 29

When is the classical pathway triggered?

Answer 29

when antibodies are secreted by plasma cells

Question 30

What happens once the complement system is activated?

Answer 30

it produces peptides that attract other innate immune cells

Question 31

Which immune cell type is attracted by C3a?

Answer 31

eosinophils

Question 32

Which immune cell types are attracted by C5a?

Answer 32

-neutrophils
-eosinophils
-macrophages

Question 33

Which immune cell types are attracted by C567?

Answer 33

-neutrophils
-eosinophils

Question 34

Which immune cell type is attracted by FBb?

Answer 34

neutrophils

Question 35

What is promoted by C3e?

Answer 35

leukocytosis