Lecture 25 11/16/23 Flashcards
What are inactivated vaccines?
wild type viruses or bacteria that have been “killed” so that they no longer replicate or cause disease when administered to people
Which type of immune response do inactivated vaccines target?
antibody production
What are the characteristics of inactivated vaccine production?
-organisms must remain as structurally similar to living organism as possible
-inactivation methods include formaldehyde and ethylene oxide
-vaccines containing whole, killed bacteria are known as bacterins
What are the general characteristics of inactivated vaccines?
-stable products that cannot induce disease
-less immunogenic with shorter duration of immunity
-often require adjuvants and more frequent administrations
-associated with adverse reactions
-may not prevent against infection, only disease
What are veterinary examples of inactivated vaccines?
-canine rabies
-canine influenza
-feline leukemia
-whole cell bacterin vx
-canine lyme
-canine lepto.
-parenteral bordetella
What are the characteristics of recombinant organism vx?
-pox/vaccinia viruses used as carriers
-often effective
-work well orally
-target antibody production response
What are the characteristics of wildlife rabies vx?
-vaccinia rabies recombinant vx
-animals bite into packaging and are orally vaccinated
What are the characteristics of toxoid vaccines?
-create immunity to an organism’s toxin instead of the organism itself
-include harmless toxoids
-safe with no ability for reversion
-cannot spread from animal to animal
-induce good humoral immunity but no cell-mediated immunity
-shortest duration of immunity of all vaccines
What are the veterinary examples of toxoid vaccines?
-tetanus toxoid
-other toxigenic bacteria
What are the characteristics of subunit vaccines?
-purer vaccines
-easy to produce in very large amounts
-optimal immunity obtained through responses to several different selected antigens
What are the veterinary examples of subunit vaccines?
-canine lyme
-Staph. pseudintermedius
Why are adenoviruses used as vaccine vectors?
-deliver antigens efficiently to DCs
-upregulate DC production of cytokines and chemokines
-have wide host range and can infect multiple cell types
-elicit strong cell-mediated and antibody responses
-target epithelial cells to stimulate both systemic and mucosal* immunity
What are the veterinary examples of adenovirus vector vaccines?
-rift valley fever
-foot-and-mouth disease
What are core vaccines?
vaccines that all animals of a species should receive, regardless of circumstances or location, to protect against severe/life-threatening disease
What are non-core vaccines?
vaccines that are used following a risk assessment based on geographic location, local environment, degree of exposure to other animals, and the animal’s lifestyle
