Lecture 15 10/18/23 Flashcards
What is fetal programming?
-influence of maternal environment on fetal development
-epigenetic changes
What are the characteristics of neonatal immunity?
-immune system is fully formed at birth
-immunity is not well developed due to lack of exposure
-protected by maternal antibodies
Which type of placenta requires neonates to have colostrum after birth?
epitheliochorial
Which types of placenta allow for transfer IgG to the neonate in utero?
-endotheliochorial
-hemochorial
Which type of placenta allows for 100% immunoglobulin transfer?
hemochorial
What are the characteristics of colostrum?
-first milk after birth
-rich in IgG, maternal WBCs, and energy
What is important about the relationship between serum and colostrum?
colostrum and serum have a nearly identical antibody make up
Why must colostrum be received within the first 24 hours of life?
the IgG receptors on the enterocytes only persist for the first day
What happens when an animal fails to receive adequate colostrum?
they have failure of passive immunity
Which type of cells are responsible for the majority of IgG absorption in the GI tract?
M cells
What happens to the IgG in milk after the period for GI absorption is over?
it helps develop the immunity of the GI tract
What does it mean for large animal neonates to be born agammaglobulinemic?
they are born without having any antibodies
What can lead to large animals having antibodies at birth?
experiencing infection in-utero
What is the rule of 3 for foals?
want foals to be standing and nursing within 3 hours
Why do dairy calves need more colostrum than beef calves and small ruminants?
diary colostrum is more dilute due to higher milk yield so more must be given
