Lecture 1 8/28/23

Question 1

What are the three major lines of defense?

Answer 1

-physical barrier
-innate immunity
-adaptive immunity

Question 2

What are the two roles of physical barriers?

Answer 2

-immune exclusion/keeping pathogens out
-immune elimination/destroying pathogens

Question 3

What is the role of cilia?

Answer 3

to move mucus upwards and allow the body to clear particles

Question 4

What mechanisms fall into the physical barrier category?

Answer 4

-cilia
-coughing/sneezing
-vomiting
-urine flow
-lysozyme in tears

Question 5

How does the respiratory tract utilize physical barriers?

Answer 5

-cilia
-coughing/sneezing

Question 6

How does the GI tract utilize physical barriers?

Answer 6

-pH
-oxygen tension

Question 7

What are the cells/components of innate immunity?

Answer 7

-complement
-neutrophils
-eosinophils
-basophils
-mast cells
-natural killer cells
-innate lymphoid cells
-macrophages

Question 8

What cell bridges innate and adaptive immunity?

Answer 8

dendritic cells

Question 9

What are the cells/components of adaptive immunity?

Answer 9

-T helper cells
-cytotoxic T cells
-regulatory T cells
-memory T cells
-B cells
-plasma cells
-antibodies
-memory B cells

Question 10

What are the two major subsets of innate immunity?

Answer 10

-cellular mechanisms
-humoral mechanisms

Question 11

How do innate cellular mechanisms work?

Answer 11

protective cells attack invaders

Question 12

How do innate humoral mechanisms work?

Answer 12

complement/proteins attack invaders

Question 13

What are the two major subsets of adaptive immunity?

Answer 13

-humoral adaptive
-cell-mediated adaptive

Question 14

How do humoral adaptive responses work?

Answer 14

antibody responses are generated that protect against extracellular invaders

Question 15

What components are involved in humoral adaptive responses?

Answer 15

-B cells
-B memory cells
-plasma cells
-antibodies

Question 16

How do cell-mediated adaptive responses work?

Answer 16

cells act to kill intracellular invaders

Question 17

What components are involved in cell-mediated adaptive responses?

Answer 17

-T helper cells
-cytotoxic T cells
-regulatory T cells
-memory T cells

Question 18

What do B cells give rise to?

Answer 18

-plasma cells
-memory B cells

Question 19

What do plasma cells give rise to?

Answer 19

antibodies

Question 20

What is the role of cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 20

to kill intracellular-infected cells

Question 21

What are the roles of regulatory T cells?

Answer 21

-clean area after cytotoxic T cells do work
-stimulate memory T cells to remain in the area

Question 22

What is the primary goal of physical barriers?

Answer 22

to delay infection until the innate immune system is ready

Question 23

How long does it take for the innate immune system to activate?

Answer 23

minutes to hours

Question 24

How long does it take for the adaptive immune system to activate?

Answer 24

days to weeks

Question 25

What is ciliary dyskinesia?

Answer 25

immotile cilia syndrome; cilia do not move and get rid of particles

Question 26

What type of immune component is cilia?

Answer 26

physical barrier

Question 27

Which cells are able to form memory cells?

Answer 27

B and T cells