Lecture 1 8/28/23 Flashcards
What are the three major lines of defense?
-physical barrier
-innate immunity
-adaptive immunity
What are the two roles of physical barriers?
-immune exclusion/keeping pathogens out
-immune elimination/destroying pathogens
What is the role of cilia?
to move mucus upwards and allow the body to clear particles
What mechanisms fall into the physical barrier category?
-cilia
-coughing/sneezing
-vomiting
-urine flow
-lysozyme in tears
How does the respiratory tract utilize physical barriers?
-cilia
-coughing/sneezing
How does the GI tract utilize physical barriers?
-pH
-oxygen tension
What are the cells/components of innate immunity?
-complement
-neutrophils
-eosinophils
-basophils
-mast cells
-natural killer cells
-innate lymphoid cells
-macrophages
What cell bridges innate and adaptive immunity?
dendritic cells
What are the cells/components of adaptive immunity?
-T helper cells
-cytotoxic T cells
-regulatory T cells
-memory T cells
-B cells
-plasma cells
-antibodies
-memory B cells
What are the two major subsets of innate immunity?
-cellular mechanisms
-humoral mechanisms
How do innate cellular mechanisms work?
protective cells attack invaders
How do innate humoral mechanisms work?
complement/proteins attack invaders
What are the two major subsets of adaptive immunity?
-humoral adaptive
-cell-mediated adaptive
How do humoral adaptive responses work?
antibody responses are generated that protect against extracellular invaders
What components are involved in humoral adaptive responses?
-B cells
-B memory cells
-plasma cells
-antibodies
How do cell-mediated adaptive responses work?
cells act to kill intracellular invaders
What components are involved in cell-mediated adaptive responses?
-T helper cells
-cytotoxic T cells
-regulatory T cells
-memory T cells
What do B cells give rise to?
-plasma cells
-memory B cells
What do plasma cells give rise to?
antibodies
What is the role of cytotoxic T cells?
to kill intracellular-infected cells
What are the roles of regulatory T cells?
-clean area after cytotoxic T cells do work
-stimulate memory T cells to remain in the area
What is the primary goal of physical barriers?
to delay infection until the innate immune system is ready
How long does it take for the innate immune system to activate?
minutes to hours
How long does it take for the adaptive immune system to activate?
days to weeks
What is ciliary dyskinesia?
immotile cilia syndrome; cilia do not move and get rid of particles
What type of immune component is cilia?
physical barrier
Which cells are able to form memory cells?
B and T cells
