Lecture #3 Flashcards
What is different for DNA in Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Pro- DNA is not enclosed within a membrane
Euk- DNA is contained within a membrane bound nucleus
Prokaryotes’ chromosome look like?
Single and circular
Where is the chromosome located within the prokaryote?
The nucleoid
Why do prokaryotes not have membrane bound organelles?
Because it minimizes building costs and energy
Are bacteria eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes
How many chromosomes do eukaryotes have?
Many
Can eukaryotes be single celled?
yes that or multicellular
What are 4 types of eukaryotes?
Protist, Plants,Animals and fungi
What are the 3 names of shapes bacteria come in? What shape are each?
- Coccus- Spherical
- Bacillus- Rods
- Spirillum- Spiral
What is an example of coccus bacteria
Streptococcus pyogenes, causes strep throat
What is an example of Bacillus bacteria
Escherichia coli (E. Coli)
What is an example of Spirillum Bacteria
Treponema Pallidum
What is Gycocalyx
A sticky gelatinous polymer on the outside of bacteria
What can gycocalyx be composed of
Either polysaccharide, protein or both
When gycocalyx is made of only sugar it is called…?
Extracellular polysaccharide
When is gycocalyx called a capsule? When is it called a slime layer?
Capsule- When the substance of gycocalyx is firmly attached to cell wall and organized (lululemon sweats)
Slime layer- When the substance is disorganized and loosely attached (baggy sweats)
What contributes to an organisms ability to cause disease
Capsules
How does a capsule allow a cell to be more able to cause disease?
By protecting the organism from phagocytosis (makes the cell slippery)
What is an example of a bacteria that can ONLY cause disease when encapsulated
Bacillus anthracis
What 3 things does a capsule do for bacteria?
- Allows organism to cause disease better
- Adhere and colonize host cells
- Protects bacterial wall against dehydration and holds nutrients inside cell`
What does extracellular polysaccharide do for bacteria?
Allows it to survive by attaching to different surfaces within the microbe environment (other bacteria, impacts, etc)
What bacteria attaches to the teeth and causes cavities
Streptococcus mutans
What can some organisms do to the capsule when energy sources are low
Break down the sugars and use it as an energy source
What are flagella
Long, filamentous and used for motility