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Microbiology > Lecture #13 > Flashcards

Lecture #13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a sporadic occurrence of disease?

A

Disease that occurs occasionally

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2
Q

What is an example of a sporadic occurrence of disease?

A

Hamburger Disease (E.coli found in hamburger, people buy, it’s recalled)

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3
Q

What is a endemic occurrence of disease?

A

Low and constant levels of a disease

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4
Q

What is an example of a endemic disease?

A

Common cold, malaria

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5
Q

What is a epidemic occurrence of a disease?

A

A disease that occurs in high numbers over a short period of time

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6
Q

What is an example of a epidemic disease?

A

Influenza

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7
Q

What is a pandemic occurrence of a disease?

A

Epidemic disease that occurs worldwide

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8
Q

What is an example of a pandemic?

A

Influenza, bird flu

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9
Q

What is emerging infectious disease?

A

New identified disease (notable number of cases)

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10
Q

What is an example of an emerging infectious disease?

A

West nile, MERS

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11
Q

What is a reservoir in regards to spread of infections? Give examples

A

Source of the infectious agent

ex. Object, food, living things, water, etc

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12
Q

What is a human reservoir in regards to spread of infections?

A

People who can harbour pathogens and transmit them to others

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13
Q

When can germs be transmitted during disease?

A

Any stage (incubation, prodromal, period of illness, convalescence or period of decline)

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14
Q

What are carriers in regards to the spread of infection?

A

People who can transmit pathogens without having any signs of the disease themselves

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15
Q

What is an example in history of a carrier of a disease?

A

Typhoid Mary- transmitting salmonella typhi

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16
Q

What is a zoonosis animal reservoir?

A

A disease that occurs in animals but can be transmitted to humans

17
Q

What are some examples of a zoonosis reservoir?

A
  • Influenza in bird and pigs
  • Rabies in bats, skunks, etc
  • Lyme disease in field mice transmitted by ticks
18
Q

What are non living reservoirs?

A

Things that can be a source of an infectious agent that is not living (Soil and water)

19
Q

What is an example of an infectious agent found in non living reservoirs? What does it do to humans?

A

Clostridium tetani found in soil that can lead to tetanus in humans when the bacteria enters the body through a cut

20
Q

What are fomites? What are examples?

A

Any nonliving object that spreads pathogens

Ex. used kleenex, used syringes

21
Q

What are the 3 main routes of transmission of a disease?

A
  1. Contact transmission
  2. Vehicle transmission
  3. Vector transmission
22
Q

What are 3 types of contact transmission of disease?

A
  1. Direct- person to person (chlamydia or STI’s)
  2. Indirect- through fomites
  3. Droplets- spread by a short distance (less than 1 meter, sneezing, coughing, etc)
23
Q

What is a vehicle transmission of disease?

A

A pathogen transmitted by a medium

24
Q

What are 3 types of vehicle transmission? Explain each

A
  1. Waterborne- E.coli in water due to improperly treated sewage
  2. Airborne- spread over less than one meter
  3. Foodborne- food poisoning
25
Q

What is a type of airborne vehicle transmitter disease?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

26
Q

What is an example of food borne vehicle transmitted disease?

A

Bacillus cereus and salmonellosis

27
Q

What is vector transmission?

A

Animals that carry pathogens from one host to another

28
Q

With the West Nile virus, what would be the reservoir, host and vector?

A

Reservoir- Birds
Vector- Mosquitos
Host- Humans

29
Q

For lyme disease, what would be the reservoir, host and vector?

A

Reservoir- Field mice
Vector- Ticks
Host- Humans

30
Q

What are Nosocomial Infections?

A

Hospital acquired infections

31
Q

What are 3 ways that nosocomial infections can occur?

A
  1. Pathogens in the hospital
  2. Immunocompromised state of patients
  3. Chain of transmission
32
Q

What are the 3 ‘chains of transmission’ that nosocomial infections can occur?

A
  1. Direct contact- staff to patient or patient to patient
  2. Indirect contact- through fomites
  3. Airborne- through ventilation systems
33
Q

What are 4 ways of controlling spread of disease?

A
  1. Hygiene
  2. Vectors
  3. Avoidance
  4. Isolation
34
Q

What are the ways that hygiene can prevent he spread of disease?

A

Proper: hand washing, sterilization, sanitation, prep of food and water and sanitization of sewage treatment

35
Q

How can we control the spread of disease via vectors?

A
  1. Controlling insect vectors (Mosquitos that spread west nile
  2. Vaccination of domestic animals (against rabies)
36
Q

How can we control the spread of disease with avoidance? Give examples

A

Avoiding contact with carriers

ex. wearing latex gloves

37
Q

What does quarantine mean? What disease would cause a person to be put in quarantine?

A

Removal of infected individual from society

Ex. Tuberculosis Sanatorium

38
Q

What is isolation in regards to controlling the spread of disease? What is an example of someone who would be put in isolation?

A

A person highly susceptible to a particular disease are put in isolation.
Ex. Bone Marrow transplant patients

Microbiology (16 decks)

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