Lecture #11 Flashcards
What is an adaptive immune response?
A specific defence that responds to an invasion of a foreign object
Does the adaptive immune system have a memory aspect?
Yes, the foreign object can be learnt so next time you won’t get sick
Is the adaptive immune system acquired naturally or artificially?
Both
How would adaptive immune system be acquired natural?
An organism or toxin enters the body and promotes immune response.
What is an example of how natural adaptive immunity is acquired?
Mother to child via placenta
How would the adaptive immune system be acquired artificially?
Can result from an immunization with a vaccine
What are two components of the adaptive immune system?
Specific and memory component
How is the adaptive immune system specific?
The immune response will only protect against one disease and does not protect against others
What is one exception for the specificness of the adaptive immune system? Give an example
When two disease are very closely related, the immune system can respond to both.
Ex. Cow pox and small pox
What is the memory component of the adaptive immune system?
The immune system will respond much stronger upon re-exposure to the virus and it serves as long term immunity (can be for life)
What are two types of responses that occur from the adaptive immune system?
- Antibody mediated response
2. Cell mediated response
What is another word for antibody mediated response?
Humoral response
How does the antibody mediated response of the adaptive immune system work?
Small molecules called antibodies or immunoglobulins bind to and inactivate foreign particles (cells, toxins, pollen,etc)
How does the cell mediated response of the adaptive immune system work?
Triggers activation of lymphocytes which recognize and destroy abnormal or infected host cells
What can lymphocytes of the cell mediated response do besides attacking cells?
Can attack bigger targets such as tumours
What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody?
Antigen- foreign particles (bad)
Antibodies- good molecules which destroy bad cells
How do we develop immunity?
The immune system recognizes an antigen and responds by:
- Producing Antibodies to the antigen
- Triggers specific killer cells
When the body produces antibodies to kill the antigen, what occurs? What is this called?
They produces antibody proteins that specifically bind and inactivate antigens
Called a humoral response
When the immune system triggers specific killing cells what occurs? What is this also called?
The killer cells destroy large antigens and abnormal infected host cells
Called mediated immune response
What is a humoral response?
What is a mediated immune response?
Humoral: when antibodies are produced to kill the antigens
Mediated immune response: triggering of specific killer cells
What is an antigen? What can it be broken into?
Antigen is a foreign particle that enters the body
Epitope is an antigen broken into smaller parts
What is the point of an epitope?
It is a particular portion of the antigen that is recognized by the antibody
What is an antibody?
A proteins produced response to an antigen or epitope
How do antibodies bind to antigens?
In a very specific manner, like a lock and key