Lecture 23: Interpersonal Behaviour Regulation

Question 1

Verbal communication

Answer 1

1. Decision -> 2. encoding -> 3. Transmission -> 4. Decoding -> 5. Internal response
   - Sender & receiver

Question 2

Verbal attempts at intimidation (Davis et al. 2018)

Answer 2

• 12 elite cricket players = semi-structured interviews (individual)
  = emotional experiences
  = attempts at interpersonal behaviour regulation
• More positive than negative emotions
• Reasons for IPR = disrupt concentration, induce anxiety (through intimidation)
• Coping strategies to deal with attempts at IPR = refocusing, imagery

Question 3

Nonverbal communication

Answer 3

• Types = facial expression, physical appearance, body position, body language, gestures
  Physical appearances = may help sport (advantage), attributes
• Interpersonal effects = joint or solo lifting (Doenfield et al. 2012) judgement
  = includes (anticipated) action-capacity of co-actor (healthy or injured)
  = energetic costs (action) incorporated in perception

Question 4

From perception to action

Answer 4

• Investigations of ‘embodied perception’ rarely includes actual action

Question 5

Action preferences

Answer 5

• Mann et al. (2014) = e.g. throwing ball to left or right side of goal
  = help for future
• Measured goalkeepers in handball penalty shots
• Pre -> post
• No preference or action preference (for 1 of goal corners)
• Estimating preference can be good or baf (bad if reality does not meet expectation)
• Knowledge about action-preferences shapes perceptions but may also cause mistakes

Question 6

Body Language

Answer 6

• Conveys important social info (e.g. dominance) that informs group behaviour + promotes survival
• Effects: dominant vs. submissive posture (Greenless et al. 2008)
  = dominant -> high confidence/skilled = better first impression score
  = submissive -> low confidence/less skilled
• Looking your opponent in the eyes may influence skill perception = but is it looking or posture?
  = (Furley et al. 2012) = 1. similar effects in video & point-light display conditions (posture rather than gaze)
  = 2. Impression effect may be supported by automatic associations

Question 7

Effects of body language on observer performance (Moll et al. 2010)

Answer 7

• Non-verbal communication
• Celebration -> positive affect + high confidence
• No celebration -> negative affect + low confidence
• Effect on penalty performance - decrease in next opponents, increase next teammate, increase penalty shootout