Lecture 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

Toll-like receptor (TLR)

A

Located on the membrane. Bacterial antigens

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2
Q

Phagosome

A

phagocytic vesicle the pathogen is in once engulfed

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3
Q

Endocytic vesicle (for B-cells)

A

Does the process of endocytosis

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4
Q

Phagolysosome

A

Phagosome fuses with the lysosome(digestive organelle)

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5
Q

Oxidative Burst

A

Superoxide, Peroxide, Nitric oxide. kills things

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6
Q

Oxidant/ Antioxidant

A

oxidant- to kill phagocyte. antioxidants- to fight oxidative burst

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7
Q

Leukocidin

A

kill PMNs and monocytes (strep and staph)

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8
Q

Antiphagocytic capsule

A

Prevents phagocytosis (anti phagocitic)

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9
Q

Giant cells

A

Macrophages fuse

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10
Q

Granuloma

A

macrophages + giant cells + T cells form it. It encases unkilled bacteria. Bacteria can break out of it later and cause more diseases later

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11
Q

Antigen-presenting cells (APC)

A

a cell that displays foreign antigens complexed with major histocompatibility complexes (MHC’s) on their surfaces.

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12
Q

epitope

A

antigenic determinant, is the part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells

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13
Q

antigen

A

the substance that binds specifically to the respective antibody

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14
Q

MHC I

A

Found on nucleated cells(essentially all cells). Mounts protein from cytoplasm. Especially useful for virus-infected cells. Recruits Tc cells to kill the infected cell.

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15
Q

MHC II

A

Found on APCs only. Mounts foreign protein from phagolysosomes. Rectuits Th cells to sctivate the adaptive immune response

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16
Q

Tissue matching

A

MHCs are important in tissue matching for transplants.

17
Q

allograft

A

Must be matched carefully by immunologic testing

18
Q

autografy

A

From self so they are not rejected

19
Q

Rig1-like receptor (RLR)

A

a type of intracellular pattern recognition receptor involved in the recognition of viruses by the innate immune system.

20
Q

Interferon a/b

A

act as inducers for more than 2000 genes that help kill intracellular bacteria

21
Q

Antiviral peptides

A

block viral replication

22
Q

dsRNA

A

Double stranded RNA. diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range, genome segment number and virion organization

23
Q

Complement cascade

A

Three ways to initiate it: classical pathway, alternate pathway, and Mannan-binding lectin pathway

24
Q

C3a

A

diapedeses, inflammation

25
Q

C3b

A

opson(eat tag), convertase

26
Q

C5a

A

macrophage recruitment

27
Q

C5b

A

MAC recruitment

28
Q

MAC

A

Membrane attack complex. typically formed on the surface of pathogenic bacterial cells as a result of the activation of the host’s alternative pathway and the classical pathway of the complement system, and it is one of the effector proteins of the immune system.

29
Q

Classical pathway

A

Has a normal protease I and II

30
Q

convertase

A

Protease I

31
Q

Alternate Pathway

A

Uses alternative pretease I and II

32
Q

Properdin

A

the only known positive regulator of complement activation that stabilizes the alternative pathway convertases. It is found in the blood serum of more complex animals.

33
Q

Alternate Convertase

A

innate component of the immune system’s natural defense against infections.
The alternative pathway is one of three complement pathways that opsonize and kill pathogens. The pathway is triggered when the C3b protein directly binds the microbe.

34
Q

Mannan Binding Lectin

A

Uses a different alternative protease I and II