Lecture 21 Flashcards
Toll-like receptor (TLR)
Located on the membrane. Bacterial antigens
Phagosome
phagocytic vesicle the pathogen is in once engulfed
Endocytic vesicle (for B-cells)
Does the process of endocytosis
Phagolysosome
Phagosome fuses with the lysosome(digestive organelle)
Oxidative Burst
Superoxide, Peroxide, Nitric oxide. kills things
Oxidant/ Antioxidant
oxidant- to kill phagocyte. antioxidants- to fight oxidative burst
Leukocidin
kill PMNs and monocytes (strep and staph)
Antiphagocytic capsule
Prevents phagocytosis (anti phagocitic)
Giant cells
Macrophages fuse
Granuloma
macrophages + giant cells + T cells form it. It encases unkilled bacteria. Bacteria can break out of it later and cause more diseases later
Antigen-presenting cells (APC)
a cell that displays foreign antigens complexed with major histocompatibility complexes (MHC’s) on their surfaces.
epitope
antigenic determinant, is the part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells
antigen
the substance that binds specifically to the respective antibody
MHC I
Found on nucleated cells(essentially all cells). Mounts protein from cytoplasm. Especially useful for virus-infected cells. Recruits Tc cells to kill the infected cell.
MHC II
Found on APCs only. Mounts foreign protein from phagolysosomes. Rectuits Th cells to sctivate the adaptive immune response