Lecture 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Intron/ Exon

A

Introns are out and introvening and exons stay in and are expressed. Introns get split off and the two exons are added together.

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2
Q

Spliceosome

A

A protein complex that recognizes junction between introns and exons, binds the two junctions and removes the intron as a loop

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3
Q

Ribosome

A

mRNA is read by a ribsome. Where the A, P, and E sites are. makes proteins

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4
Q

A Site/ P Site/ E Site

A

A site is at the 3’ end and the P site is in the middle and the E site is at the 5’ end. It makes a protein and the units shift over. A site= amino acid is added

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5
Q

Small subunit/ Large Subunit

A

The small subunit binds to the large subunit.

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6
Q

Codon

A

mRNA is read in groups of 3 nucleotides which is called a codon

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7
Q

Reading Frame

A

it reads in groups of 3s. There are 3 different ways it can be read but one one way is right.

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8
Q

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

A

It is GGAGG and it is part of the start sequence. So the promoter finds the GGAGG and then finds the next AUG and starts coding from there. Because there are less GGAGGs in the cell then AUG and AUG can be part of the coding. This is also only in Prokaryotes.

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9
Q

tRNA

A

any of a class of small, cloverleaf forms of RNA that transfer unattached amino acids in the cell cytoplasm to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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10
Q

Anticodon loop

A

A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to a corresponding codon in messenger RNA and designates a specific amino acid during protein synthesis.

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11
Q

Charged tRNA

A

It is carrying an amino acid

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12
Q

Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase

A

The correct amino acid is added to tRNA by this. It is where the tRNA and the particular amino acid bind and form together.

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13
Q

Initiation Complex

A

It is the E, P, A sites

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14
Q

Elongation

A

Involves lots of translation factors. Uses GTP and transpeptidation and translocation

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15
Q

Transpeptidation

A

Making a peptide bond

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16
Q

Translocation

A

Movement of ribosme

17
Q

Stop Codon

A

There are 3 different stop codons. The coding is stopped when the promoter reaches this codon

18
Q

Release Factor

A

Protein that allows for the termination of translation. Binds to the tRNA and causes the ribosomes to fall apart. Uses the stop codon

19
Q

Readthrough

A

Sometimes a tRNA does not recognize a stop codon, but the sequence continues and it will stop at the next one. Thats how proteins evolved.

20
Q

“Coupled” Transcription and translation

A

As RNA is being made proteins are being made from RNA