Lecture 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Algea

A

They are all photosynthetic. Have green, brown, and red photosynthetic pigments. Motile ones have flagella. They produce by binary fission, meiosis and gamete production.

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2
Q

Dinoflagellate/ Red Tide

A

The water turns red. It is a type of environmental toxin. Neurotoxins are released by exocytosis. The type of environmental toxin in brevetoxin.

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3
Q

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

A

Environmental toxin is saxitoxin. Damages the Na+ channels and causes numbness and paralysis.

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4
Q

Pfiesteria

A

Type of environmental toxin. Becomes a zoospore in the presence of fish. Releases a very deadly necrotizing toxin. It eats through fish.

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5
Q

Protozoa

A

Do not do photosynthesis. Lack chlorophyll. Distinguished by how they move.

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6
Q

Flagellate

A

Type of protozoa. Move by flafella. Types- Giardia, Leishmania(carried by sand flies- damages skin or organs), Trichomonas, Trypanosoma(sleeping sickness disease)

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7
Q

Amoeba

A

Type of protozoa. More by cytoplasmic streaming. There is a tube in the middle and it squeezes through it to move. Type- Entamoeba histolytic

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8
Q

Ciliate

A

Type of protozoa. Black microvilli in the intestines. type- Balantidium coli(colonic ulcers and dysentery)

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9
Q

Sporozoan

A

Type of protozoa. They have an apicomplex. types- malaria, toxoplasma, cryptosporidium.

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10
Q

Apicomplex

A

Attaches to the host cell membrane. Pulls the membrane around themselves. Helps protozoa attach to, move over and penetrate a host cell

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11
Q

Endocytosis

A

Proteins come in the sporozoan by endocytosis.

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12
Q

Trophozoite

A

Motile form of apicomplex

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13
Q

Cyst

A

“Tests” amoebia of apicomplex

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14
Q

Schizogony

A

Where a cell divides multiple times. The cell the cell that divides multiple times is called a syncytium and each section of that is cell is called merozoites, Each merozoite has its own nucleus.

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15
Q

Fungi

A

They are saprophytes(they hydrolytic enzymes”eat dead stuff”) Multiple different types-yeast,mold,mushrooms, and dimorphic fungus.

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16
Q

Yeast

A

Single celled form. Grows in warm temps. Divide by fission or by bidding.

17
Q

Mold

A

Filamentous (hyphal) form. Grows best in cold temps. Form spores, but theses are not like bacteria spores.

18
Q

Mushroom

A

Visible aerial myxelium with spores

19
Q

Dimorphic Fungus

A

Many fungi are dimorphic. Like yeast and mold.

20
Q

Zygomycetes

A

Two mating types grow together to form a zygosporangium. Type of fungi. Haploid cells that fuse together to for diploid cells.

21
Q

Ascomycetes

A

Type of fungi. Ascospores form at the end of a filament. Structure is diploid cells and the cells at the end ate haploid.

22
Q

Basidiomycetes

A

Type of fungi. Reproduction structure is the mushroom. Haploid cells under the cap of the mushroom.

23
Q

Ergot

A

Type of fungal toxin. It is from rye smut

24
Q

Aflatoxin

A

Type of fungal toxin. Carcinogenic toxin from aspergillus

25
Q

Mysosis

A

the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It generally affects the skin, but may progress internally over time. Symptoms include rash, tumors, skin lesions, and itchy skin.

26
Q

Systemic/ Cutaneous/ Superficial

A

Systemic- gets in the blood stream. Cutaneous- epidermal layer. Superficial- On the surface of the skin (dandruff)

27
Q

Tinea

A

The fungal disease is cutaneous. it is in the epidermal layer of the skin like athletes foot or ring worm. They call it “tinea (body part)”

28
Q

Mechanical/ biological vector

A

Mechanical- bacteria or viruses are transmitted on the vector, but the vector is no a host (Fly carries)
Biological- bacteria or viruses like in the vector as a host

29
Q

arthropod

A

an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed appendages.

30
Q

Insect

A

a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae.

31
Q

arachnid

A

joint-legged invertebrate animals in the subphylum Chelicerata. All arachnids have eight legs, although the front pair of legs in some species has converted to a sensory function, while in other species, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs

32
Q

helminths

A

parasitic worms that cause a wide variety of infectious diseases, some of which involve the musculoskeletal system

33
Q

nematode

A

Pinworm, hookworm, trichinella, filaria. round and long

34
Q

tapeworm

A

flat bottom and long and round top

35
Q

cysicercal larva

A

flat and short. Burrow through the skin to initiate a very complex life cycle

36
Q

fluke

A

The basic schistosome life cycle. Has two different larvi and 2 different hoses. To break the life cycle you have to kill the snails.

37
Q

schistosomiasis/ bilharzia

A

schistosomiasis- a collective name of parasitic diseases caused by several species of trematodes belonging to the genus Schistosoma.
And bilharzia is another name for it

38
Q

cercarial larva

A

The parasitic larva of a trematode worm, having a tail that disappears in the adult stage.

39
Q

miracidial larva

A

The free-swimming larval form in the life cycle of the liver fluke.