Lecture 18

Question 1

Algea

Answer 1

They are all photosynthetic. Have green, brown, and red photosynthetic pigments. Motile ones have flagella. They produce by binary fission, meiosis and gamete production.

Question 2

Dinoflagellate/ Red Tide

Answer 2

The water turns red. It is a type of environmental toxin. Neurotoxins are released by exocytosis. The type of environmental toxin in brevetoxin.

Question 3

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

Answer 3

Environmental toxin is saxitoxin. Damages the Na+ channels and causes numbness and paralysis.

Question 4

Pfiesteria

Answer 4

Type of environmental toxin. Becomes a zoospore in the presence of fish. Releases a very deadly necrotizing toxin. It eats through fish.

Question 5

Protozoa

Answer 5

Do not do photosynthesis. Lack chlorophyll. Distinguished by how they move.

Question 6

Flagellate

Answer 6

Type of protozoa. Move by flafella. Types- Giardia, Leishmania(carried by sand flies- damages skin or organs), Trichomonas, Trypanosoma(sleeping sickness disease)

Question 7

Amoeba

Answer 7

Type of protozoa. More by cytoplasmic streaming. There is a tube in the middle and it squeezes through it to move. Type- Entamoeba histolytic

Question 8

Ciliate

Answer 8

Type of protozoa. Black microvilli in the intestines. type- Balantidium coli(colonic ulcers and dysentery)

Question 9

Sporozoan

Answer 9

Type of protozoa. They have an apicomplex. types- malaria, toxoplasma, cryptosporidium.

Question 10

Apicomplex

Answer 10

Attaches to the host cell membrane. Pulls the membrane around themselves. Helps protozoa attach to, move over and penetrate a host cell

Question 11

Endocytosis

Answer 11

Proteins come in the sporozoan by endocytosis.

Question 12

Trophozoite

Answer 12

Motile form of apicomplex

Question 13

Cyst

Answer 13

“Tests” amoebia of apicomplex

Question 14

Schizogony

Answer 14

Where a cell divides multiple times. The cell the cell that divides multiple times is called a syncytium and each section of that is cell is called merozoites, Each merozoite has its own nucleus.

Question 15

Fungi

Answer 15

They are saprophytes(they hydrolytic enzymes”eat dead stuff”) Multiple different types-yeast,mold,mushrooms, and dimorphic fungus.

Question 16

Yeast

Answer 16

Single celled form. Grows in warm temps. Divide by fission or by bidding.

Question 17

Mold

Answer 17

Filamentous (hyphal) form. Grows best in cold temps. Form spores, but theses are not like bacteria spores.

Question 18

Mushroom

Answer 18

Visible aerial myxelium with spores

Question 19

Dimorphic Fungus

Answer 19

Many fungi are dimorphic. Like yeast and mold.

Question 20

Zygomycetes

Answer 20

Two mating types grow together to form a zygosporangium. Type of fungi. Haploid cells that fuse together to for diploid cells.

Question 21

Ascomycetes

Answer 21

Type of fungi. Ascospores form at the end of a filament. Structure is diploid cells and the cells at the end ate haploid.

Question 22

Basidiomycetes

Answer 22

Type of fungi. Reproduction structure is the mushroom. Haploid cells under the cap of the mushroom.

Question 23

Ergot

Answer 23

Type of fungal toxin. It is from rye smut

Question 24

Aflatoxin

Answer 24

Type of fungal toxin. Carcinogenic toxin from aspergillus

Question 25

Mysosis

Answer 25

the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It generally affects the skin, but may progress internally over time. Symptoms include rash, tumors, skin lesions, and itchy skin.

Question 26

Systemic/ Cutaneous/ Superficial

Answer 26

Systemic- gets in the blood stream. Cutaneous- epidermal layer. Superficial- On the surface of the skin (dandruff)

Question 27

Tinea

Answer 27

The fungal disease is cutaneous. it is in the epidermal layer of the skin like athletes foot or ring worm. They call it “tinea (body part)”

Question 28

Mechanical/ biological vector

Answer 28

Mechanical- bacteria or viruses are transmitted on the vector, but the vector is no a host (Fly carries)
Biological- bacteria or viruses like in the vector as a host

Question 29

arthropod

Answer 29

an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed appendages.

Question 30

Insect

Answer 30

a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae.

Question 31

arachnid

Answer 31

joint-legged invertebrate animals in the subphylum Chelicerata. All arachnids have eight legs, although the front pair of legs in some species has converted to a sensory function, while in other species, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs

Question 32

helminths

Answer 32

parasitic worms that cause a wide variety of infectious diseases, some of which involve the musculoskeletal system

Question 33

nematode

Answer 33

Pinworm, hookworm, trichinella, filaria. round and long

Question 34

tapeworm

Answer 34

flat bottom and long and round top

Question 35

cysicercal larva

Answer 35

flat and short. Burrow through the skin to initiate a very complex life cycle

Question 36

fluke

Answer 36

The basic schistosome life cycle. Has two different larvi and 2 different hoses. To break the life cycle you have to kill the snails.

Question 37

schistosomiasis/ bilharzia

Answer 37

schistosomiasis- a collective name of parasitic diseases caused by several species of trematodes belonging to the genus Schistosoma.
And bilharzia is another name for it

Question 38

cercarial larva

Answer 38

The parasitic larva of a trematode worm, having a tail that disappears in the adult stage.

Question 39

miracidial larva

Answer 39

The free-swimming larval form in the life cycle of the liver fluke.