Lecture 13

Question 1

Methanogen

Answer 1

All Archaea. Electron donor H2 Acceptor CO2

Question 2

Sulfate Reducer

Answer 2

Electron Donor is oftern organic. Acceptor SO4^2- or S. Produce H2S. Uses organic carbon source

Question 3

Sulfur Oxidizer

Answer 3

Uses S, H2S as electron donor and O2 as an acceptor. Forms internal S granules. Produces SO4^2- or H2SO4

Question 4

Biomining

Answer 4

new approach to the extraction of desired minerals from ores being explored by the mining industry in the past few years. Microorganisms are used to leach out the minerals, rather than the traditional methods of extreme heat or toxic chemicals, which have a deleterious effect on the environment.

Question 5

Nitrogen Cycle

Answer 5

the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms

Question 6

Nitrogen Fixation

Answer 6

nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3)

Question 7

Root Nodule

Answer 7

occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions

Question 8

Nitrogenase

Answer 8

enzymes used by some organisms to fix atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2)

Question 9

Leghemoglobin

Answer 9

a nitrogen or oxygen carrier, because naturally occurring oxygen and nitrogen interact similarly with this protein

Question 10

Nitrification

Answer 10

the biological oxidation of ammonia with oxygen into nitrite followed by the oxidation of these nitrites into nitrates.

Question 11

BOD (biochemical O2 demand)

Answer 11

the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period

Question 12

Denitrification

Answer 12

microbially facilitated process of nitrate reduction that may ultimately produce molecular nitrogen (N2) through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products.

Question 13

Enterobacteriaeceae

Answer 13

a natural family of rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria, most of which occur normally or pathogenically in intestines of humans and other animals, and some of which grow in plants.

Question 14

Cyst

Answer 14

closed pocket or pouch of tissue. It can be filled with air, fluid, pus, or other material.

Question 15

Social Gliding Motility

Answer 15

microbes to travel in environments with a low water content, such as might be found in biofilms, microbial mats, and soil. Gliding is defined as the movement of a cell on a surface in the direction of the long axis of the cell

Question 16

Filamentous Rod

Answer 16

often surrounded by a sheath that contains many individual cells. Rod shaped

Question 17

Caulobacter Life Cycle

Answer 17

A cell cycle for replication. only stalked cells replicate. Flagella and stalks from in opposite daughter cells

Question 18

Stalked Cell

Answer 18

one of the two cells produced by division of the generative cell in the pollen grain of some gymnosperms that bears or supports the body cell

Question 19

Swarmer Cell

Answer 19

The daughter cell which separates from the stalked mother cell in bacteria in the genus Caulobacter.

Question 20

Photoluminescence

Answer 20

describes the phenomenon of light emission from any form of matter after the absorption of photons

Question 21

Crown Gall

Answer 21

a bacterial disease of plants, esp. fruit bushes and trees, that is characterized by large tumorlike galls on the roots and lower trunk.

Question 22

Ti Plasmid

Answer 22

a circular plasmid that often, but not always, is a part of the genetic equipment

Question 23

T-DNA

Answer 23

the transferred DNA of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid

Question 24

Halophile

Answer 24

organisms that live in high salt concentrations

Question 25

Hyperthermophile

Answer 25

an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments— from 60°C (140°F) upwards