Lecture 12 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

couples electron transfer between an electron donor and an electron acceptor with the transfer of H+ ions across a membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Terminal Electron Acceptor (TEA)

A

A compound that accepts an electron during oxidation of carbon sourc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Electron Carrier

A

A molecule capable of accepting one (or more than one) electrons from another molecule (electron donor), and then ferry these electrons to donate to another during the process of electron transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

NAD

A

a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, since it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

FAD

A

a redox cofactor involved in several important reactions in metabolism. FAD can exist in two different redox states, which it converts between by accepting or donating electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Quinol/ Quinone

A

Sites in the Q-loop where protons go to cross the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FeS Protein

A

proteins characterized by the presence of iron-sulfur clusters containing sulfide-linked di-, tri-, and tetrairon centers in variable oxidation states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Heme (cytochrome)

A

membrane-bound hemeproteins containing heme groups and are primarily responsible for the generation of ATP via electron transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Q-loop

A

Proton pump in complex III due to the Q-loop. Protons cross the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. Used to make ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mitchell Hypothesis

A

CHEMIOSMOTIC HYPOTHESIS in 1961. The theory suggests that most ATP synthesis in respiring cells comes from the electrochemical gradient across the inner membranes of mitochondria by using the energy of NADH and FADH2 formed from the breaking down of energy-rich molecules, such as glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ATP Synthase

A

The proton gradient is used to make ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Substrate-level phosphorylation

A

a type of metabolic reaction that results in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the direct transfer and donation of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or guanosine diphosphate (GDP) from a phosphorylated reactive intermediate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cytochrome C Oxidase

A

a large transmembrane protein complex found in bacteria and the mitochondrion. Complex IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Photosynthetic Antenna Pigments

A

a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.

17
Q

Photosynthetic Reaction Center

A

a complex of several proteins, pigments and other co-factors assembled together to execute the primary energy conversion reactions of photosynthesis

18
Q

Oxygenic (non-cyclic) Photosynthesis

A

Electrons pass from PSII to PSI to make ATP. Electrons passing from PSI make reducing power (NADPH) and electron “holes” in PSII are filled by electrons from H2O and H2S

19
Q

Non-Oxygenic (cyclic) Photosynthesis

A

Electrons produce PMF, PMF produces ATP, PMF is also used in reverse to create NaDH. This means an electron donor must be used

20
Q

Chlorophyll/ Bacteriachlorophyll

A

Purple bacteria is only used here. photosynthetic pigments that occur in various phototrophic bacteria

21
Q

PSI/ PSII

A

functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis that together carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis: the absorption of light and the transfer of energy and electrons

22
Q

Purple Sulfur Bacteria

A

a group of Proteobacteria capable of photosynthesis, collectively referred to as purple bacteria. They are anaerobic or microaerophilic, and are often found in hot springs or stagnant water

23
Q

Reverse Electron Transport

A

Where PMF is used to create NADH

24
Q

Green Sulfur Bacteria

A

a family of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria.