Lecture 14 Flashcards
Central Dogma
an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It show replication, transcription, and translation. The modern version is a triangle.
Replication
DNA making DNA
Transcription
DNA making RNA
Reverse Transription
DNA made from an RNA template
Translation
The RNA makes a protein
Antiparallel double helix
One end of the DNA runs 5’ to 3’ and the other runs 3’ to 5’
Hydrogen bonded base pair
The two antiparallel double helix’s are joined with hydrogen bonds. The A-T, C-G. the bond is a hydrogen bond
Phosphodiester bond
Join the sugars of the DNA together. There are multiple sugars in one strand of DNA and each sugar is attached by a phosphodiester bond
5’ phosphate
This strand runs 5’-3’ and the phosphate group starts the strand
3’ hydroxyl
This strand runs 3’-5’ and the -OH group starts the strand.
Pyrophasphate
The 2 phosphate groups drop off the sugar in order for it to be joined to another sugar
Primer
Its a strand of nucleic acid that serves as a starting point for DNA replication.
Template
This is used by DNA polymerase to make a copy of the DNA. It reads it 3’-5’
Proofreading
Its like a backspace. if the wrong base is added it backs up a space, removes it and replaces it with the right one
Semiconservative
Produces two strands of DNA and each strand has a side of the original strand in it