Lecture 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

Spike Protein

A

Glyco proteins or envelope proteins. Peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

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2
Q

Matrix Protein

A

Required for replication. In some viruses they may be closer to the nucleocapsid then shown in the diagram.

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3
Q

Capsid (nucleocapsid)

A

Protein

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4
Q

Capsomere

A

basic subunit of the capsid, an outer covering of protein that protects the genetic material of a virus.

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5
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

DNA or RNA

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6
Q

Viral-associated proteins

A

Replication of nucleic acid

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7
Q

Plaque Assay

A

Holes on the plate. viruses are grown on tissue cultures and appear as this if they lyse the hose cell. it replicates and lyses the cell

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8
Q

Baltimore classification system

A

They way viruses are classified. Based on nucleic acid. Classified by roman numerals

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9
Q

Helical/ lcosahedral/ Complex

A

They shape of the virus particle. Helical- circular. Icosahedral- 3D triangles are put together. Complex-phage

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10
Q

Attachment/ Membrane receptors

A

Attachment of viral proteins “spikes” to glycoprotein receptors on host membrane

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11
Q

Membrane Fusion

A

This is for if it is an enveloped virus. It is how the virus enters the cell

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12
Q

Uncoating

A

Vital nucleic acid separated from protein coat

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13
Q

Virion assembly/maturation

A

Assembly of new virus particles

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14
Q

Polyprotein

A

One big protein that has to be cut into the correct pieces by protease

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15
Q

Protease

A

Crops up the protein

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16
Q

Budding

A

The reverse process of membrane fusion only for envelope viruses.

17
Q

Retrovirus

A

a family of enveloped viruses that replicate in a host cell through the process of reverse transcription. Where a piece of DNA is inserted into the DNA strand

18
Q

Reverse Transcriptase

A

an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription

19
Q

Integration

A

DNA is copied into the host chromosome

20
Q

Provirus

A

The piece of DNA that is put into the original DNA strand

21
Q

Acute/ Latent/ Chronic/ Slow infection

A

Acute- goes away. Latent-goes away and a different form appears later. Chronic- virus is still produced but the symptoms are gone. Slow- Over time the virus comes back and and then it is bad(aids)

22
Q

Transform

A

Viral DNA is integrated into the host chromosome and a new cell can be formed.

23
Q

Oncogene

A

Causes cancer. High level of cell replication

24
Q

Tumor Suppressor Gene

A

a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer

25
Q

Segmented Virus

A

Can undergo genetic reassortment

26
Q

Genetic Reassortment

A

the exchange of DNA between viruses inside a host cell

27
Q

Plant Virus

A

They enter through wounds(holes made by insects) They cause variegation of color, stunting growth, and tumor formation

28
Q

Mosaic Virus

A

plant viruses that cause the leaves to have a speckled appearance

29
Q

Wilt Virus

A

Causes holes in plants

30
Q

Prion

A

an infectious agent composed of protein in a misfolded form.

31
Q

Spongiform Encephalopathy

A

Normal proteins misfold more prions and causes brain wasting.