Lecture 16 Flashcards
Transcriptional Regulation
the change in gene expression levels by altering transcription rates
Operon
Multiple genes made as one mRNA from a single control region. Each gene in the operon has its own Shine-Dalgarno sequence
Promoter
a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
Control Protein
Controls whether or not the mRNA can be transcribed. Turns the genes on or off
Negative Control
Prevents mRNA synthesis when binded
Operator
The binding site of the protein regulators
Repressor Protein
Binds downstream(after) the promoter. When binding it prevents mRNA synthesis
Positive Control
Allows mRNA synthesis when binded
Activator Protein
Binds upstream(before) the promoter. When binding it allows mRNA synthesis
Environmental signal
How the genes turn on or off with the environment. Proteins bind to the Repressor or Activator Protein to change what it does
Inducer
Can bind to repressor proteins and block the operator and mRNA is made
Induction
Small molecule or environmental signal that turns the gene on, without it the gene is off
Inducible
mRNA is not produced by default(repressor protein), but can be turned on by certain conditions
Co-Repressor
It is a defect in the protein to make it not be able to bind, so a co-repressor comes in and fills the gap so it can bind
Repression
A small molecule or environment signal that turns the gene off. Without it the gene is turned on