Lecture 17

Question 1

Restriction Endonuclease

Answer 1

Cuts DNA at a specific sequence

Question 2

Palindromic Site

Answer 2

When reading from the 5’ to 3’ end the complementary strand reads the same as the original strand. Ex: 5’ GAATTC3’ : 3’CTTAAG5’

Question 3

DNA Ligase

Answer 3

Puts the cut ends back together. Remakes phosphodiester bonds

Question 4

Complementary ends

Answer 4

The other strand of DNA that is paired to the parent strand

Question 5

Recombinant DNA Molecule

Answer 5

DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in biological organisms. Uses DNA ligase

Question 6

Electrophoresis

Answer 6

Separates DNA fragments based on size. It is a gel and large fragments stay at the top and small fragments go to the bottom

Question 7

Labeled Probe

Answer 7

Marks the DNA so it knows where the probe is. It can be radioactive, emit light, or be a color dye. Probe is often used as a replication primer. The longer the probe the more specific DNA it binds to

Question 8

Hybridization

Answer 8

Measures how similar the DNA are to each other

Question 9

Mutagenic Primer

Answer 9

One of the bases are wrong and it makes the sequence mispair. A few mismatches are okay.

Question 10

DNA Library

Answer 10

Restriction enzyme(cuts DNA) can be used to generate a DNA Library. a collection of DNA fragments that is stored and propagated in a population of micro-organisms through the process of molecular cloning

Question 11

Genomic Fragments

Answer 11

When the DNA is cut into pieces the pieces are called genomic fragments.

Question 12

Cloning Vector

Answer 12

a small piece of DNA, taken from a virus, a plasmid, or the cell of a higher organism, that can be stably maintained in an organism, and into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloning purposes

Question 13

Host Cell

Answer 13

The cell that holds the DNA from the cloning vector

Question 14

Colony Hybridization/ Library Screening

Answer 14

It starts in a plate and you put a screen over it and the colony is transferred to the screen and you add nucleic acid and then filter it and the colony is developed and the specific colony you are looking for stands out

Question 15

Reporter Gene

Answer 15

Reports if a gene is turned on or off. Allows easy detection of transcription from a promoter

Question 16

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)

Answer 16

If it is on it turns green and if it is off there isn’t a color.

Question 17

Southern Blot

Answer 17

Uses probes to find DNA fragments in an electrophoretic gel

Question 18

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 18

Uses special primers to amplify a specific piece of DNA. Denatures the DNA, Binds specific primers to the DNA, Makes new DNA from the primers.

Question 19

PCR Screening (for diseases)

Answer 19

Use PCR to check to see what is the DNA of a person. Can see if something is wrong with them

Question 20

Gene Cloning

Answer 20

It is like making a library, except only a specific gene is inserted into the new host cell

Question 21

Transgenic/ Genetically-modified organisms

Answer 21

An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques

Question 22

Pyrosequencing

Answer 22

The sequence of any DNA or RNA can be rapidly determined, even while replicating

Question 23

Sequence “reads”

Answer 23

Uses light and the bases of DNA to see what comes next in the sequence. PPi is released and AMP is added and ATP is made and then luciferase is added to create light and then if it isn’t there the base is washed away with apyrase and the next base is added.

Question 24

Genome Assembly

Answer 24

Puts a whole DNA sequence together. It matches up the small fragments and finds where they overlap. It also takes snapshots to each piece and they are laid on top of each other.

Question 25

RNA Seq

Answer 25

technology that utilizes the capabilities of next-generation sequencing to reveal a snapshot of RNA presence and quantity from a genome at a given moment in time.