Lecture 11

Question 1

Anabolism

Answer 1

Builds up. Requires energy input. Condensation and reduction. Delta G>0

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Breaks down. Releases energy. Hydrolysis and oxidation

Question 3

Oxidation

Answer 3

Loss of electrons

Question 4

Reduction

Answer 4

Gain of electrons

Question 5

Reducing Power

Answer 5

Transferring energy with electrons

Question 6

Enzyme

Answer 6

It is a catalyst. Large biological molecules responsible for thousand of chemical interconversions. Work best near max temp

Question 7

Active Site

Answer 7

Place where the substrate binds to the enzyme.

Question 8

Induced Fit

Answer 8

A change in the shape of the active site to allowed the substrate to bind more tightly

Question 9

Competitive Inhibitor

Answer 9

A pocket in the enzyme that only fits a certain substrate and only that certain substrate can bind there.

Question 10

Noncompetitive (allostreric) inhibitor

Answer 10

A different site from the active site. Inhibitors do not resemble the substrate at all, and interact with another part of the enzyme to cause a shape change by induced fit

Question 11

Central Catabolism

Answer 11

Breaks down molecules into smaller units to release energy. Needs glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and TCA cycle

Question 12

Glycolysis

Answer 12

Oxidizes glucose and produces ATP, pyruvate and NADH(electrons)

Question 13

Oxidative Decarboxylation of pyruvate

Answer 13

Releases CO2 and produces electrons

Question 14

Electron Carrier (NAD/NADH)

Answer 14

A molecule capable of accepting one or more electrons from another molecule, and then transfer these electrons to donate to another during the process of electron transport.

Question 15

Acetyl CoA

Answer 15

an important molecule in metabolism. Its main function is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.

Question 16

TCA (Krebs’, Citric Acid) Cycle

Answer 16

Oxidizes acetyl CoA to produce more CO2, ATP and electrons(NADH and FADH2)

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

Using an organic electron acceptor, doesn’t produce energy-it recycles NAD for NADH. Lactate doesn’t build up in the cell like it builds up in us. Many things we used are made this way

Question 18

Dehydrogenase

Answer 18

an enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by a reduction reaction that transfers one or more hydrides (H−) to an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+

Question 19

Electron Acceptor

Answer 19

a chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound. It is an oxidizing agent that, by virtue of its accepting electrons, is itself reduced in the process.

Question 20

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Answer 20

a process that generates NADPH and pentoses. There are two distinct phases in the pathway. The first is the oxidative phase, in which NADPH is generated, and the second is the non-oxidative synthesis of 5-carbon sugars. This pathway is an alternative to glycolysis. While it does involve oxidation of glucose, its primary role is anabolic rather than catabolic.

Question 21

Respiratory Electron Transport Chain

Answer 21

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.

Question 22

Epimerases

Answer 22

an isomerase that catalyzes inversion of the configuration about an asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having more than one center of asymmetry; thus epimers are interconverted.

Question 23

Beta-Oxidation

Answer 23

the process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-coA(which enters the citric acid cycle) and NADH and FADH2(which are used by the electron transport chain)

Question 24

Deamination

Answer 24

the removal of an amine group from a molecule

Question 25

Isomerase

Answer 25

an isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the structural rearrangement of isomers. Isomerases thus catalyze reactions of the form
A → B
where B is an isomer of A.