Lecture 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anabolism

A

Builds up. Requires energy input. Condensation and reduction. Delta G>0

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2
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaks down. Releases energy. Hydrolysis and oxidation

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3
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons

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4
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons

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5
Q

Reducing Power

A

Transferring energy with electrons

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6
Q

Enzyme

A

It is a catalyst. Large biological molecules responsible for thousand of chemical interconversions. Work best near max temp

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7
Q

Active Site

A

Place where the substrate binds to the enzyme.

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8
Q

Induced Fit

A

A change in the shape of the active site to allowed the substrate to bind more tightly

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9
Q

Competitive Inhibitor

A

A pocket in the enzyme that only fits a certain substrate and only that certain substrate can bind there.

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10
Q

Noncompetitive (allostreric) inhibitor

A

A different site from the active site. Inhibitors do not resemble the substrate at all, and interact with another part of the enzyme to cause a shape change by induced fit

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11
Q

Central Catabolism

A

Breaks down molecules into smaller units to release energy. Needs glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and TCA cycle

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12
Q

Glycolysis

A

Oxidizes glucose and produces ATP, pyruvate and NADH(electrons)

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13
Q

Oxidative Decarboxylation of pyruvate

A

Releases CO2 and produces electrons

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14
Q

Electron Carrier (NAD/NADH)

A

A molecule capable of accepting one or more electrons from another molecule, and then transfer these electrons to donate to another during the process of electron transport.

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15
Q

Acetyl CoA

A

an important molecule in metabolism. Its main function is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.

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16
Q

TCA (Krebs’, Citric Acid) Cycle

A

Oxidizes acetyl CoA to produce more CO2, ATP and electrons(NADH and FADH2)

17
Q

Fermentation

A

Using an organic electron acceptor, doesn’t produce energy-it recycles NAD for NADH. Lactate doesn’t build up in the cell like it builds up in us. Many things we used are made this way

18
Q

Dehydrogenase

A

an enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by a reduction reaction that transfers one or more hydrides (H−) to an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+

19
Q

Electron Acceptor

A

a chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound. It is an oxidizing agent that, by virtue of its accepting electrons, is itself reduced in the process.

20
Q

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

A

a process that generates NADPH and pentoses. There are two distinct phases in the pathway. The first is the oxidative phase, in which NADPH is generated, and the second is the non-oxidative synthesis of 5-carbon sugars. This pathway is an alternative to glycolysis. While it does involve oxidation of glucose, its primary role is anabolic rather than catabolic.

21
Q

Respiratory Electron Transport Chain

A

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.

22
Q

Epimerases

A

an isomerase that catalyzes inversion of the configuration about an asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having more than one center of asymmetry; thus epimers are interconverted.

23
Q

Beta-Oxidation

A

the process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-coA(which enters the citric acid cycle) and NADH and FADH2(which are used by the electron transport chain)

24
Q

Deamination

A

the removal of an amine group from a molecule

25
Q

Isomerase

A

an isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the structural rearrangement of isomers. Isomerases thus catalyze reactions of the form
A → B
where B is an isomer of A.