Lecture 2, part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Possible interpretations for incidence increasing but prevalence decreasing

A

Dz duration is reduced
Dz is becoming more fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Possible interpretations for incidence stable but prevalence increasing

A

Slow recovery
Fatality reduced
Immigration of cases from other area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Possible interpretations for incidence stable but prevalence declining

A

Recovery time reduced
Immigration of cases outward to another area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do we need to know for all measures?

A

Number of ppl affected by the dz
Size of the pop from which the cases arise
Length of time that the pop is followed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of incident cases

A

All individuals who change in status from one state of health to another (such as non-dz to dz) over a specific period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definition of prevalent cases

A

All individuals living with the health outcome of interest within a specified timeframe, regardless of when that person was diagnosed or developed the health outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of measure is mortality rate?

A

Incidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Numerator of mortality rate

A

Deaths d/t a specific cause (or all causes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Denominator of mortality rate

A

Total pop (at risk, but everyone is at risk of death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of measure is cause fatality rate?

A

Cumulative incidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Numerator of case fatality rate

A

Deaths d/t a specific cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Denominator of case fatality rate

A

Number of cases of that specific dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Type of measure of attack rate

A

Cumulative incidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Numerator of attack rate

A

Number of cases of a dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Denominator of attack rate

A

Total pop at risk (or exposed) for a limited time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Type of measure for birth defect rate

A

Prevalence

17
Q

Numerator of birth defect rate

A

Number of defects at birth

18
Q

Denominator of birth defect rate

A

All live births

19
Q

Type of measure of survival rate

A

Cumulative incidence

20
Q

Numerator of survival rate

A

Number of living cases

21
Q

Denominator of survival rate

A

Total number of cases of that specific dz

22
Q

Definition of years of potential life lost (YPLL)

A

Estimate of the avg yrs a person would have lived if they had not died prematurely (measure of premature mortality)

23
Q

Aspects of YPLL

A

Measure of the overall health of an area
All-cause mortality or cause-specific mortality
Places additional emphasis on deaths of younger persons (mathematically weights the total deaths by applying values to death at each age)

24
Q

Formula for YPLL

A

YPLL = (avg life expectancy) - (age at death)

25
How is YPLL calculated for a pop?
The YPLL for all individuals who died in that pop is summed
26
How to calculate the YPLL for age groups
Use the midpoint
27
How to use scale in period prevalence
If dz is common, present as percentage If dz is rare, present as per 1,000, per 10,000, etc.
28
Risk (cumulative incidence definition)
The proportion of an at-risk pop that develops a specific health outcome within a specified amt of time
29
Rate (incidence rate) definition
The frequency of incident cases per unit of person-time at risk, measures how rapidly events are occurring