Lecture 1B

Question 1

What are the three manifestations of pericarditis? Which membrane (visceral/parietal) is inflamed?

Answer 1

1. Chest pain 2. Friction Rub 3.ECG change…Mostly the parietal pericarditits is inflamed… but both are technically inflamed

Question 2

What is the accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial sac?

Answer 2

Pericardial Effusion

Question 3

What is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatic fever, and a variety of viral infections. It is characterized by production of a CLEAR, straw-colored, protein-rich exudate containing small numbers of inflammatory cells?

Answer 3

Serous Pericarditis

Question 4

What is characterized by a fibrin-rich exudate. It may be caused by uremia, myocardial infarction, or acute rheumatic fever?

Answer 4

Fibrinous pericarditis

Question 5

What is is characterized by a grossly CLOUDY exudate. It is almost always caused by BACTERIAL infection?

Answer 5

Purulent Pericarditis

Question 6

What is characterized by a BLOODY exudate. It usually results from tumor invasion of the pericardium, but can also result from tuberculosis or other bacterial infections?

Answer 6

Hemorrhagic Pericarditis

Question 7

What is the increase in pericardial sac pressure caused by an accumulation of fluid or blood in the pericardial sac? IT NEEDS A NEEDLE TO THE HEART in the ER!

Answer 7

Cardiac Tamponade

Question 8

What is the procedure of taking the ole needle to the pericardial sac to drain fluid?

Answer 8

Peri-Cardio-Centesis

Question 9

What atet the two major forms of myocardial disease?

Answer 9

MyoCarditis and Primary Cardiomyopathies

Question 10

What is inflammation of the heart muscle W/O evidence of a M.I.?

Answer 10

Myocarditis

Question 11

What is the #1 cause of mhocarditis?

Answer 11

Viral (w/drugs and autoimmune following)

Question 12

What usually presents as biventricular heart failure in young persons who do not have valvular, rheumatic, or congenital heart disease?

Answer 12

Myocarditis

Question 13

What are the three types of CardioMyoPathies? Which one did Channing Frye have? What is the most common?

Answer 13

1.Dilated (C.Frye & Most common!) 2.HyperTrophic 3.Restrictive

Question 14

What does the apex of the heart look like with dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 14

Nice big round apex instead of a v shape

Question 15

What is the most common manifestation of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 15

heart failure

Question 16

What are the three causes for dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 16

1.Idiopathic :) 2.Infectious Myocarditis 3.Alcohol

Question 17

Which cardiomyopathy is characterized by ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic ventricular filling?

Answer 17

HyperTrophic CardioMyoPathy

Question 18

Which cardiomyotrophy is often inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristic; several genes have been implicated in the genesis of this disorder?

Answer 18

HyperTrophic CardioMyoPathy

Question 19

Which cardioMyoPathy manifests itself often unexpectedly in young athletes?

Answer 19

HyperTrophic CardioMyoPathy

Question 20

What is the least common of the cardiomyopathies?

Answer 20

Restricive CardioMyoPathy

Question 21

Which cardiomyopathy is caused by ventricular filling is restricted because of excessive rigidity and stiffness of the ventricular walls?

Answer 21

Restrictive CardioMyoPathy

Question 22

What are the causes for restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 22

Unknown.. HA gotcha!

Question 23

What are the two factors to develop infective endocarditis? What is the main bacterium that causes endocarditis? Bringing it all together!

Answer 23

1. A “damaged”/compromised surface 2.A portal of entry for the pathogen…Staph Aureus is 50% of cases!

Question 24

Can you still develop endocarditis without preexisting damage?

Answer 24

Yes, IV drug users are susceptible to endocarditits

Question 25

Which valve is the most frequently involved in endocarditis?

Answer 25

The Mitral Valve

Question 26

What is the primary antibiotic regimen to prevent endocarditits? When does the pt take it? How much do they take?

Answer 26

Amox-icillin… 2g orally, 30-60 min before procedure

Question 27

What can the pt take if they are allergic to amoxicillin?

Answer 27

Ceph-al-ex-in, Az-ithro-mycin, Clar-ithro-mycin