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CardioPulmonary > 5A-Pressures and Asthma > Flashcards

5A-Pressures and Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What is Atmospheric pressure?

A

The pressure that is in the air that surrounds us

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2
Q

What is intra-alvolar pressure?

A

the pressure inside the lungs

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3
Q

What is intrapleural pressure?

A

the pressure in-between the visceral and parietal pleura

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4
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure?

A

the DIFFERENCE between intrepleural and intra-alveolar pressure (across the wall of the visceral pleura)

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5
Q

What two forces act to pull the lungs away from the chest wall and cause lung collapse?

A

1.Lung’s elasticity and recoil 2.Surface tension of the alveolar fluid

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6
Q

If the chest wall (parietal pleura) has a natural tendency to expand and the visceral pleura has a natural tendency to contract.. Which one wins?

A

NEITHER! c/o the strong adhesive force of the fluid in the inter plural space! (two pieces of glass and water analogy)

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7
Q

What is the NET result of the dynamic interplay between the visceral and parietal pleura?

A

NEGATIVE P-ip (intrapleural pressure)

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8
Q

What happens if P-ip(intrapleural) is equalized with Intrapulmonary pressure??

A

LUNGS COLLAPSE! (lungs always want to collapse-elasticity & alveolus surface tension)

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9
Q

What is the pressure that keeps the air spaces of the lungs open(keeps lungs from collapsing)?

A

Transpulmonary (transmural pressure)

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10
Q

The greater the transpulmonary pressure the ______ the lungs.

A

Larger

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11
Q

What is boyle’s law?

A

P1V1=P2V2

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12
Q

In boyles law, what is the relationship between pressure and volume?

A

Inversely proportional relationship

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13
Q

What is the relationship of alveolar pressure to atmospheric pressure at rest before inspiration begins?

A

Alveolar pressure = atmospheric pressure

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14
Q

Is intrapleural pressure positive, negative or 0 at rest?

A

intrapleural pressure is negative at rest

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15
Q

What is lung volume at rest? YOU GOT THIS WRONG on the last exam!

A

Lung volume is FRC

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16
Q

What happens to alveolar pressure during inspiration?

A

It becomes NEGATIVE

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17
Q

What happens interpleural pressure during respiration?

A

It gets even more negative

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18
Q

What happens to alveolar pressure during expiration?

A

It becomes greater then atmospheric pressure

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19
Q

When is the only time intraplural pressure becomes positive?

A

during a FORCED expiration

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20
Q

What are the three factors that hinder air passage and pulmonary ventilation?

A

1.Airway Resistance 2.Alveolar Surface Tension 3.Lung compliance

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21
Q

What is the main way to change airway resistance?

A

Contract/Relax the bronchial smooth muscle

22
Q

What do Parasympathetic stimulation, muscarinic agonists, irritants, and the slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis do to airway resistance?

A

They INCREASE airway resistance

23
Q

What do sympathetic stimulation and sympathetic agonists dilate the airways via Beta-2-receptors do to airway resistance?

A

They DECREASE airway resistance

24
Q

What is the law describing alveolar surface tension? What happens to pressure if we increase tension? What happens to pressure as we increase radius?

A

LaPlace’s Law..P goes up….P goes down with increased radius

25
Q

REVIEW: What type of cells make surfactant…NOT REVIEW what is the main component of surfactant?

A

Type II alveolar cells….DPPC

26
Q

Which component of surfactant is amphipathic?

A

Phospholipid

27
Q

What is the main function of surfactant?

A

to lower surface tension

28
Q

Which size of alveolus has a high collapsing pressure and is more difficult to keep open?

A

Small Alveoli

29
Q

What feature of the lung describes its destensibility and “anti-stiffness”?

A

Lung COMPLIANCE

30
Q

What is the formula for Compliance? So when is compliance the lowest?

A

Compliance=V/P…Compliance is lowest at expanding Pressures

31
Q

The _____ the lungs, the less the ______, the more energy it takes to breathe!

A

stiffer……compliance

32
Q

In asthma, what antibody responds to the inhalation of an allergen? What cells do these antibodies reside?

A

IgE YO! MAST cells yo!

33
Q

In asthma, what do mast cells release when an allergen binds to its IgE antibodies? (2)

A

Histamine AND LEUKO-TRI-ENES

34
Q

Which phase of asthma is when smooth muscle cells cause the bronchi to contract?

A

The early phase

35
Q

Which phase of asthma is marked by the accumulation of inflammatory cells and the production of mucus? Which inflammatory cell is most prevalent? WHEN?

A

Late phase….Eosinophils….4-5 hours after early reaction

36
Q

What part of asthma is genetic?

A

Production of IgE’s

37
Q

Can asthma be triggered by non-specific factors?

A

Yep. cold air, exercise, tobacco smoke

38
Q

Patients diagnosed with ________ have shortness of breath due to difficulty EXHALING all the air from their lungs.

A

Obstructive lung disease (EXHALE DISEASE)

39
Q

What does this describe?: Due to lung damage or increased airway resistance, exhaled air comes out more slowly than normal…

A

Obstructive Lung Disease

40
Q

What does this describe?At the end of a full expiration, an abnormally high amount of air may still linger in the lungs…

A

Obstructive Lung disease

41
Q

What are the two most common causes of obstructive lung disease?

A

COPD, Asthma

42
Q

What are the two types of COPD?

A

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

43
Q

Obstructive lung disease makes it harder to breathe, especially during increased ______or______. As the rate of breathing increases, there is less time to breathe all the air out before the next inhalation.

A

activity or exertion

44
Q

Patients diagnosed with __________ cannot fully FILL their lungs with air.

A

Restrictive lung disease (INHALE DISEASE)

45
Q

____________ most often results from a condition causing stiffness in the lungs themselves. In other cases, stiffness of the chest wall, weak muscles, or damaged nerves.

A

Restrictive lung disease

46
Q

What are three conditions causing restrictive lung disease?

A
  1. Idiopathic Pulomonary Fibrosis (intersitial lung disease) 2.Obesity 3.Neuromusular Disease (ALS, Muscular Dystrophy
47
Q

A healthy adult should be able to expel ______of the vital capacity in ____what amount of time____? What is this measuring?

A

75-85%…..1.0 second…..Forced expiratory volume (FEV-1.0)

48
Q

If 80% FEV is normal, what condition is happening with a LOW FEV, like 42%?

A

Obstructive Respiratory Disease (Asthma)

49
Q

What is a HIGH FEV indicate(90%)?

A

Restrictive Respiratory Disease (Fibrosis)

50
Q

Can obstructive and restrictive patterns be seen in the same patient?

A

YES! WHAAAA?

CardioPulmonary (23 decks)

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