6A-ACID/BASE in BLOOD

Question 1

Which acid/base system did he teach us?

Answer 1

Bronstead-Lowry…Acid=proton donor, Base=Proton acceptor

Question 2

What is the henderson-hasselbeck eq relating CO2 and HCO3-?

Answer 2

pH=pKa+log[HCO3-]/[CO2]

Question 3

What is the ratio for Bicarb to CO2 for a neutral 7.4 blood pH?

Answer 3

20-bicarb:1-CO2

Question 4

HUGE! What is the normal ECF pH?

Answer 4

7.35-7.45

Question 5

What is the approx H+ production by our cells each day?

Answer 5

50-100 mEq/L of H+!

Question 6

What are the three acid defense mechanisms in the blood?

Answer 6

1. Bicarb Buffer 2.Phosphate(HPO4 + H+ H2PO4) 3.Protein (amine group accepts OR carboxy grp donates!)

Question 7

With a body pH of 7.16, what is the buffer system going to act as: Acid or Base?

Answer 7

With a low pH/acidic condition then buffer system acts as a BASE and soaks up the extra H+

Question 8

With a body pH of 7.64 what is the buffer system going to act as: Acid or Base?

Answer 8

With high pH/basic condition the buffer system acts as an ACID and donates more H+

Question 9

Increase in CO2=WHAT in pH?

Answer 9

Increase in CO2=DECREASE in pH (acidic)

Question 10

Hypoventalation=WHAT CO2

Answer 10

MORE CO2=ACIDIC body conditions

Question 11

Hyperventalation=WHAT CO2

Answer 11

LESS CO2=BASIC body conditions

Question 12

The respiratory centers in the brainstem ultimately help regulate the H+ concentration by controlling the ____ and ____ of breathing.

Answer 12

rate….depth

Question 13

What are the three ways the kidneys regulate pH?

Answer 13

1. Secreting H+ 2.Reabsorbing HCO3 3.Synthesizing HCO3

Question 14

What does the secretion of H+ by the kidney do to the urine? WHAT part of the kidney is most active in H+ secretion?

Answer 14

Urine becomes more acidic…Mainly occurs in the DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Question 15

Where does reabsorption of HCO3 AND new synthesis of HCO3 mainly occur in the kidney?

Answer 15

Proximal Conv Tubule

Question 16

What are the levels of pH and CO2 in Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 16

LOW pH and HIGH CO2

Question 17

What are the levels of pH and CO2 in Respiratory Alkalosis?

Answer 17

HIGH pH and LOW CO2

Question 18

What are the levels of pH and HCO3 in Metabolic Acidosis?

Answer 18

LOW pH and LOW HCO3

Question 19

What are the levels of pH and HCO3 in Metabolic Alkalosis?

Answer 19

HIGH pH and HIGH HCO3

Question 20

What are these associated with? Emphysema
Pulmonary edema
Chronic bronchitis
Opioid overdose
Neuromuscular disease (e.g., myasthenia gravis, Guillian-Barre syndrome)
Injury to brainstem

Answer 20

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 21

What is compensation for Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 21

Buffers act like bases

Kidneys increase their secretion of H+, reabsorption of HCO3- & synthesis of HCO3-

Question 22

All of these cause WHAT?: Breathing at higher altitudes, Anxiety / fear, Salicylic acid (aspirin) overdose (late), Fever

Answer 22

Respiratory ALKALOSIS

Question 23

What is compensation for Respiratory Alkalosis?

Answer 23

Buffers act like acids
Kidneys decrease their secretion of H+, reabsorption
of HCO3- & synthesis of HCO3-

Question 24

All these cause what? Ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, anti-freeze poisoning, aspirin OD (early), severe diarrhea.

Answer 24

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 25

What is compensation for Metabolic Acidosis?

Answer 25

Buffers act like bases, lungs HYPERVENTALATE, KIDNEYS do their THREE actions

Question 26

ALL these cause what? Severe EMESIS, Gastric suctioning, and renal H+ loss?

Answer 26

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 27

What is compensation for metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 27

Buffers act like acids, lungs undergo HYPOventalation, kidneys decrease their three things