Lecture 1A Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the right and left atria?

A

Interatrial septum

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2
Q

What is the depression in the interatrial septum? What is it a remnant of?

A

The Fossa ovalis (depression)…Remnant of the Foramen Ovale

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3
Q

What is the result of the foramen oval not closing?

A

A Patent Foramen Ovale

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4
Q

What is the term used to describe an interatrial septum that fails to develop properly?

A

A.S.D.-Atrial Septal Defect

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5
Q

What separates the left and right ventricles?

A

Interventricular septum

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6
Q

What are the two causes of VSD (ventricular septal defects)?

A

1.Congenital (at birth) 2.Aquired (post M.I.=scar tissue)

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7
Q

What is the end diastolic volume of each ventricle?

A

150ml

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8
Q

How much blood does each ventricle usually eject? What is this volume called?

A

About 1/2 of E.D.V.=70-80ml…STROKE VOLUME (S.V.)

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9
Q

What is the formula for ejection fraction?

A

E.F.=SV/EDV x 100

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10
Q

What is a normal ejection fraction range? What is considered congestive heart failure?

A

50-65%=normal…congestive heart failure above that

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11
Q

What are the three layers of the heart tissue? What is the 4th layer beyond that?

A

EndoCardium, MyoCardium, EipCardium..Parietal Pericardium

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12
Q

Is the myocarditis capable of hyperplasia?

A

No, once heart muscle is lost, it is gone for good. No regeneration…NO SOUP FOR YOU!

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13
Q

Is the myocarditis capable of hypertrophy?

A

Yes! The heart muscle can get bigger!

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14
Q

What is probably the most important/unique feature of the cardiac muscle cell?

A

Intercalated discs! for electrical signal passing..

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15
Q

What is another name for the Epicardium?

A

visceral pericardium (Parietal pericardium is the “pericarditis” pericardium)

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16
Q

Which layer is the fat (heart fuel) found?

A

Epicardium/Visceral Pericardium

17
Q

About what percentage of the heart’s weight is in fat?

A

20%

18
Q

Is there a correlation between amount of epicardial (visceral coronary artery disease and general body adiposity?

A

Yep

19
Q

What is the “rough” outer layer of the pericardial sac?

A

the parietal pericardium

20
Q

What two layers is the parietal space in-between? What is the fluid’s fxn in this space?

A

The visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium. Friction/heat dissipation

21
Q

What are the 4 major valves of the heart?

A

1.TriCuspid Valve (R sep A from V) 2.Mitral (BiCuspid) Valve (L sep A from V) 3.Pulmonoic valve 4.Aortic Valve

22
Q

Where do the valve anchors originate from? What structures attach from the origin to the valve?

A

Originate from Papillary muscles, attached by chordae tendineae

23
Q

When do the papillary muscles of the chordae tendinae contract?

A

When the ventricular walls contract!

24
Q

What do the semi-lunar valves do?

A

prevent back flow of blood from the aorta and the pulmonary arteries into the ventricles

25
Q

Which semi-lunar valve is most anterior?

A

The pulmonary semi-lunar valve

26
Q

What is the first heart sound? What valves is it associated with?

A

Lub-closure of the AV valves

27
Q

What is the second heart sound? What valves is it associated with?

A

Dup-closure of the semilunar valves

28
Q

What are the three veins that the whole body drains into? Trace the blood from there to the lungs..

A
  1. Superior Vena Cava 2.Inferior Vena Cava 3.Coronary Sinus—->Right Atrium—>Tricuspid Valve—>Right Ventricle—>Pulmonic SemiLunar Valve—>Pulmonary Trunk—>Pulmonary Arteries—>Lungs (pulmonary capillaries)
29
Q

Trace from pulmonary veins—>systemic circulation

A

Pulmonary veins—>Left atrium—>Mitral Valve(BiCuspid)—>Left Ventricle—>Aortic Semilunar valve—>Aorta—>Systemic Circulation