Lecture 1A Flashcards
What separates the right and left atria?
Interatrial septum
What is the depression in the interatrial septum? What is it a remnant of?
The Fossa ovalis (depression)…Remnant of the Foramen Ovale
What is the result of the foramen oval not closing?
A Patent Foramen Ovale
What is the term used to describe an interatrial septum that fails to develop properly?
A.S.D.-Atrial Septal Defect
What separates the left and right ventricles?
Interventricular septum
What are the two causes of VSD (ventricular septal defects)?
1.Congenital (at birth) 2.Aquired (post M.I.=scar tissue)
What is the end diastolic volume of each ventricle?
150ml
How much blood does each ventricle usually eject? What is this volume called?
About 1/2 of E.D.V.=70-80ml…STROKE VOLUME (S.V.)
What is the formula for ejection fraction?
E.F.=SV/EDV x 100
What is a normal ejection fraction range? What is considered congestive heart failure?
50-65%=normal…congestive heart failure above that
What are the three layers of the heart tissue? What is the 4th layer beyond that?
EndoCardium, MyoCardium, EipCardium..Parietal Pericardium
Is the myocarditis capable of hyperplasia?
No, once heart muscle is lost, it is gone for good. No regeneration…NO SOUP FOR YOU!
Is the myocarditis capable of hypertrophy?
Yes! The heart muscle can get bigger!
What is probably the most important/unique feature of the cardiac muscle cell?
Intercalated discs! for electrical signal passing..
What is another name for the Epicardium?
visceral pericardium (Parietal pericardium is the “pericarditis” pericardium)
Which layer is the fat (heart fuel) found?
Epicardium/Visceral Pericardium
About what percentage of the heart’s weight is in fat?
20%
Is there a correlation between amount of epicardial (visceral coronary artery disease and general body adiposity?
Yep
What is the “rough” outer layer of the pericardial sac?
the parietal pericardium
What two layers is the parietal space in-between? What is the fluid’s fxn in this space?
The visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium. Friction/heat dissipation
What are the 4 major valves of the heart?
1.TriCuspid Valve (R sep A from V) 2.Mitral (BiCuspid) Valve (L sep A from V) 3.Pulmonoic valve 4.Aortic Valve
Where do the valve anchors originate from? What structures attach from the origin to the valve?
Originate from Papillary muscles, attached by chordae tendineae
When do the papillary muscles of the chordae tendinae contract?
When the ventricular walls contract!
What do the semi-lunar valves do?
prevent back flow of blood from the aorta and the pulmonary arteries into the ventricles
