Lecture 1A

Question 1

What separates the right and left atria?

Answer 1

Interatrial septum

Question 2

What is the depression in the interatrial septum? What is it a remnant of?

Answer 2

The Fossa ovalis (depression)…Remnant of the Foramen Ovale

Question 3

What is the result of the foramen oval not closing?

Answer 3

A Patent Foramen Ovale

Question 4

What is the term used to describe an interatrial septum that fails to develop properly?

Answer 4

A.S.D.-Atrial Septal Defect

Question 5

What separates the left and right ventricles?

Answer 5

Interventricular septum

Question 6

What are the two causes of VSD (ventricular septal defects)?

Answer 6

1.Congenital (at birth) 2.Aquired (post M.I.=scar tissue)

Question 7

What is the end diastolic volume of each ventricle?

Answer 7

150ml

Question 8

How much blood does each ventricle usually eject? What is this volume called?

Answer 8

About 1/2 of E.D.V.=70-80ml…STROKE VOLUME (S.V.)

Question 9

What is the formula for ejection fraction?

Answer 9

E.F.=SV/EDV x 100

Question 10

What is a normal ejection fraction range? What is considered congestive heart failure?

Answer 10

50-65%=normal…congestive heart failure above that

Question 11

What are the three layers of the heart tissue? What is the 4th layer beyond that?

Answer 11

EndoCardium, MyoCardium, EipCardium..Parietal Pericardium

Question 12

Is the myocarditis capable of hyperplasia?

Answer 12

No, once heart muscle is lost, it is gone for good. No regeneration…NO SOUP FOR YOU!

Question 13

Is the myocarditis capable of hypertrophy?

Answer 13

Yes! The heart muscle can get bigger!

Question 14

What is probably the most important/unique feature of the cardiac muscle cell?

Answer 14

Intercalated discs! for electrical signal passing..

Question 15

What is another name for the Epicardium?

Answer 15

visceral pericardium (Parietal pericardium is the “pericarditis” pericardium)

Question 16

Which layer is the fat (heart fuel) found?

Answer 16

Epicardium/Visceral Pericardium

Question 17

About what percentage of the heart’s weight is in fat?

Answer 17

20%

Question 18

Is there a correlation between amount of epicardial (visceral coronary artery disease and general body adiposity?

Answer 18

Yep

Question 19

What is the “rough” outer layer of the pericardial sac?

Answer 19

the parietal pericardium

Question 20

What two layers is the parietal space in-between? What is the fluid’s fxn in this space?

Answer 20

The visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium. Friction/heat dissipation

Question 21

What are the 4 major valves of the heart?

Answer 21

1.TriCuspid Valve (R sep A from V) 2.Mitral (BiCuspid) Valve (L sep A from V) 3.Pulmonoic valve 4.Aortic Valve

Question 22

Where do the valve anchors originate from? What structures attach from the origin to the valve?

Answer 22

Originate from Papillary muscles, attached by chordae tendineae

Question 23

When do the papillary muscles of the chordae tendinae contract?

Answer 23

When the ventricular walls contract!

Question 24

What do the semi-lunar valves do?

Answer 24

prevent back flow of blood from the aorta and the pulmonary arteries into the ventricles

Question 25

Which semi-lunar valve is most anterior?

Answer 25

The pulmonary semi-lunar valve

Question 26

What is the first heart sound? What valves is it associated with?

Answer 26

Lub-closure of the AV valves

Question 27

What is the second heart sound? What valves is it associated with?

Answer 27

Dup-closure of the semilunar valves

Question 28

What are the three veins that the whole body drains into? Trace the blood from there to the lungs..

Answer 28

1. Superior Vena Cava 2.Inferior Vena Cava 3.Coronary Sinus—->Right Atrium—>Tricuspid Valve—>Right Ventricle—>Pulmonic SemiLunar Valve—>Pulmonary Trunk—>Pulmonary Arteries—>Lungs (pulmonary capillaries)

Question 29

Trace from pulmonary veins—>systemic circulation

Answer 29

Pulmonary veins—>Left atrium—>Mitral Valve(BiCuspid)—>Left Ventricle—>Aortic Semilunar valve—>Aorta—>Systemic Circulation