Lecture 17: Language Production Flashcards
Speech errors can occur at the ______ or the ______ level.
Word
Subword
What do language mistakes give us insight into?
The process by which we produce language
What are the 6 types of subword errors?
Shift
Exhange
Anticipations
Preservations
Additions
Deletions
What is a shift?
One speech segment shifts to another place
What are the two kinds of shifts?
Phoneme Shift
Morpheme shift
What is a Phoneme Shift?
You put a phoneme in the wrong place
Chubbly dumpings (Chubby dumplings) Put the gobe black (globe back)
What is a Morpheme shift?
You put a morpheme in the wrong place
Put your hand on your heads
Did you finish wash outing it?
We’re not the only ones with screw looses
I had forgot abouten it.
What are exchanges?
Two units exchange places
Also called Spoonerisms
What is a Phoneme Exchange?
You switch phonemes
Don’t fake your schinger at me!
Smuck in the tid (Stick in the mud)
What are Phoneme Anticipations?
A later unit takes the place of an earlier on
I am tick (sick) and tired
Did you get the moiter oil
What are Phoneme Preservations?
An earlier unit takes place of a later one
Stupid stuperstition
Benign and balignant tumors
Do phoneme exchanges, anticipations, and preservations reflect the complex motor planning involved in articulation?
Yes
Do tongue twisters often induce phoneme exchanges, anticipations, and preservations?
Yes
What are Phoneme/Morpheme Additions?
Additional phonemes/morphemes
I have a stinking feeling
I feel like I could blurst
What are Phoneme/Morpheme Deletions?
Omitted phonemes/morphemes
I’m not dunk! (drink)
Give me a pacific answer (specific)
Are speech errors random or do they occur in regular patterns?
In regular patterns
In speech errors, do phoneme positions tend to stay consistent?
Yes
shu flots (flu shots)
In speech errors, do elements being exchanged tend to be similar?
Yes
consonant -> consonant: turfey stukking (turkey stuffing)
vowel -> vowel: odd hack (ad hoc)
In speech errors, are nonword slips consistant with phonotactics?
Yes
Stubstituion (substitution)
Scheduled an elexcution (execution)
What are the 6 different type of Word Level Errors?
Exchanges
Deletions
Perseverations
Anticipations
Substitutions
Blends
What is a Word Exchange?
It’s a pleasue for you to introduce me
Wash your teeth and brush your face
What is a Word Deletion?
You always late
Hey! Can you feed dog?
What are Word Perseverations?
Repeating a previous word
No one except the developer excepted (accepted)
What is Word Anticipation?
Using an upcoming word
Did you wash the car wash? (watch)
Would you would say goodbye without saying goodbye?
What are Word Substitutions?
A word is replaced by an intruder
What are Semantic Substitutions?
The intruder is semantically related
This is my sister…I mean my wife
Were you alone or by yourself?
What are Phonological Substitutions?
Intruder is phonologically related
Also called a malapropism
It’s a hysterical fact (historical)
What are you incinerating? (insinuating)
What are Name Substitutions?
When you accidently say the wrong name
Terry..er…Tom..er..Tabitha
So I was in bed talking to Tommy - I mean Ritchie! Oh $%&*@!
Call your current significant other by your ex’s name…..
What are Blends?
Words “fuse” together
If you dood that… (did + do)
We need moptimal productivity (maximal/optimal)
In malapropisms, over ___% of the initial sounds and over ___% of word ending are identical or very similar to the target.
80%
70%
Do beginnings and ends of words have special status?
Yes
What is the Bathtub Effect?
We tend to preserve the beginnings and ending of words more than the middle
Do speech errors often preserve the word class of the target?
Yes
Do blends occur more with words that have similar meanings?
Yes
Do bilinguals often blend words from each of their languages (especially when switching between the two languages)?
Yes
What are Freudian Slips supposed to reveal?
Our repressed thoughts/desires
What do Freudian Slips supposedly arise from?
Competing intentions
In what conditions did Motley & Baars (1979) place participants in their word error experiment?
Participants were placed in two conditions:
Shock conditions & sexual conditions
What did Motley & Baars (1979) have participants do in their word error experiment?
Subjects were asked to read a list of paired nonwords
How did the shock conditioned participants respond in Motley & Baars’ (1979) word error experiment?
They morphed the nonwords to reflect the “electrical” condition
How did the sexually conditioned participants respond in Motley & Baars’ (1979) word error experiment?
They morphed the nonwords to reflect the “sexual” condition
How does the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning explain speech errors?
Speech planning involves a series of stages
Thus speech problems reflect problems at a certain stage
What is Stage 1 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?
Meaning is generated
What is Stage 2 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?
You create the syntactic outline. Word slots are specified.
What is Stage 3 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?
You generate the intonation/prosody of the message
Note: Still no words
What is Stage 4 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?
Morphology 1
Content words are selected and inserted into slots
What is Stage 5 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?
Morphology 2
Affixes (-ed, etc.) & Function words are added
What is Stage 6 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?
Phonetic segments are specified
How the words sound
What is the Parallel Model of Linguistic Planning?
Multiple levels interact during language production
What are the four nodes in the Parallel Model of Linguistic Planning?
Semantic
Syntactic
Morphologic
Phonologic
How does the Parallel Model of Linguistic Planning explain speech errors?
Phonological connections
Semantic connections
Morphological connections
What is the Phonological Bias Technique?
Phonologically similar words induce errors
“Yolk” example
A alternate speech plan (rhyming words) causes interference
What are Spoonerisms?
Subword Exchanges
What is a malapropism?
Phonemic Substitution
