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Language Science > Lecture 17: Language Production > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Language Production Flashcards

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0
Q

Speech errors can occur at the ______ or the ______ level.

A

Word

Subword

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1
Q

What do language mistakes give us insight into?

A

The process by which we produce language

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2
Q

What are the 6 types of subword errors?

A

Shift

Exhange

Anticipations

Preservations

Additions

Deletions

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3
Q

What is a shift?

A

One speech segment shifts to another place

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4
Q

What are the two kinds of shifts?

A

Phoneme Shift

Morpheme shift

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5
Q

What is a Phoneme Shift?

A

You put a phoneme in the wrong place

Chubbly dumpings (Chubby dumplings)
Put the gobe black (globe back)
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6
Q

What is a Morpheme shift?

A

You put a morpheme in the wrong place

Put your hand on your heads
Did you finish wash outing it?
We’re not the only ones with screw looses
I had forgot abouten it.

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7
Q

What are exchanges?

A

Two units exchange places

Also called Spoonerisms

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8
Q

What is a Phoneme Exchange?

A

You switch phonemes

Don’t fake your schinger at me!
Smuck in the tid (Stick in the mud)

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9
Q

What are Phoneme Anticipations?

A

A later unit takes the place of an earlier on

I am tick (sick) and tired
Did you get the moiter oil

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10
Q

What are Phoneme Preservations?

A

An earlier unit takes place of a later one

Stupid stuperstition
Benign and balignant tumors

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11
Q

Do phoneme exchanges, anticipations, and preservations reflect the complex motor planning involved in articulation?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Do tongue twisters often induce phoneme exchanges, anticipations, and preservations?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What are Phoneme/Morpheme Additions?

A

Additional phonemes/morphemes

I have a stinking feeling
I feel like I could blurst

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14
Q

What are Phoneme/Morpheme Deletions?

A

Omitted phonemes/morphemes

I’m not dunk! (drink)
Give me a pacific answer (specific)

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15
Q

Are speech errors random or do they occur in regular patterns?

A

In regular patterns

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16
Q

In speech errors, do phoneme positions tend to stay consistent?

A

Yes

shu flots (flu shots)

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17
Q

In speech errors, do elements being exchanged tend to be similar?

A

Yes

consonant -> consonant: turfey stukking (turkey stuffing)

vowel -> vowel: odd hack (ad hoc)

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18
Q

In speech errors, are nonword slips consistant with phonotactics?

A

Yes

Stubstituion (substitution)
Scheduled an elexcution (execution)

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19
Q

What are the 6 different type of Word Level Errors?

A

Exchanges

Deletions

Perseverations

Anticipations

Substitutions

Blends

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20
Q

What is a Word Exchange?

A

It’s a pleasue for you to introduce me

Wash your teeth and brush your face

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21
Q

What is a Word Deletion?

A

You always late

Hey! Can you feed dog?

22
Q

What are Word Perseverations?

A

Repeating a previous word

No one except the developer excepted (accepted)

23
Q

What is Word Anticipation?

A

Using an upcoming word

Did you wash the car wash? (watch)
Would you would say goodbye without saying goodbye?

24
Q

What are Word Substitutions?

A

A word is replaced by an intruder

25
Q

What are Semantic Substitutions?

A

The intruder is semantically related

This is my sister…I mean my wife
Were you alone or by yourself?

26
Q

What are Phonological Substitutions?

A

Intruder is phonologically related

Also called a malapropism

It’s a hysterical fact (historical)
What are you incinerating? (insinuating)

27
Q

What are Name Substitutions?

A

When you accidently say the wrong name

Terry..er…Tom..er..Tabitha
So I was in bed talking to Tommy - I mean Ritchie! Oh $%&*@!
Call your current significant other by your ex’s name…..

28
Q

What are Blends?

A

Words “fuse” together

If you dood that… (did + do)
We need moptimal productivity (maximal/optimal)

29
Q

In malapropisms, over ___% of the initial sounds and over ___% of word ending are identical or very similar to the target.

A

80%

70%

30
Q

Do beginnings and ends of words have special status?

A

Yes

31
Q

What is the Bathtub Effect?

A

We tend to preserve the beginnings and ending of words more than the middle

32
Q

Do speech errors often preserve the word class of the target?

A

Yes

33
Q

Do blends occur more with words that have similar meanings?

A

Yes

34
Q

Do bilinguals often blend words from each of their languages (especially when switching between the two languages)?

A

Yes

35
Q

What are Freudian Slips supposed to reveal?

A

Our repressed thoughts/desires

36
Q

What do Freudian Slips supposedly arise from?

A

Competing intentions

37
Q

In what conditions did Motley & Baars (1979) place participants in their word error experiment?

A

Participants were placed in two conditions:

Shock conditions & sexual conditions

38
Q

What did Motley & Baars (1979) have participants do in their word error experiment?

A

Subjects were asked to read a list of paired nonwords

39
Q

How did the shock conditioned participants respond in Motley & Baars’ (1979) word error experiment?

A

They morphed the nonwords to reflect the “electrical” condition

40
Q

How did the sexually conditioned participants respond in Motley & Baars’ (1979) word error experiment?

A

They morphed the nonwords to reflect the “sexual” condition

41
Q

How does the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning explain speech errors?

A

Speech planning involves a series of stages

Thus speech problems reflect problems at a certain stage

42
Q

What is Stage 1 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

A

Meaning is generated

43
Q

What is Stage 2 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

A

You create the syntactic outline. Word slots are specified.

44
Q

What is Stage 3 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

A

You generate the intonation/prosody of the message

Note: Still no words

45
Q

What is Stage 4 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

A

Morphology 1

Content words are selected and inserted into slots

46
Q

What is Stage 5 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

A

Morphology 2

Affixes (-ed, etc.) & Function words are added

47
Q

What is Stage 6 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

A

Phonetic segments are specified

How the words sound

48
Q

What is the Parallel Model of Linguistic Planning?

A

Multiple levels interact during language production

49
Q

What are the four nodes in the Parallel Model of Linguistic Planning?

A

Semantic

Syntactic

Morphologic

Phonologic

50
Q

How does the Parallel Model of Linguistic Planning explain speech errors?

A

Phonological connections

Semantic connections

Morphological connections

51
Q

What is the Phonological Bias Technique?

A

Phonologically similar words induce errors

“Yolk” example

A alternate speech plan (rhyming words) causes interference

52
Q

What are Spoonerisms?

A

Subword Exchanges

53
Q

What is a malapropism?

A

Phonemic Substitution

Language Science (20 decks)

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