18 - Language and the Brain Flashcards
What are the 6 Cerebral Lobes?
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Cerebellum
Pons
What does the Wernicke-Geschwind Model assume?
That language is almost exclusively LH dominant
What cerebral lobes are most important to language processsing?
Frontal & Temporal
What are the two language parts of the frontal lobe?
Broca’s area
Primary Motor Cortex
What does Broca’s Area do?
Plans & organizes speech movements
Where does Broca’s Area send language information next?
Primary Motor Cortex
What does the Primary Motor Cortex do?
Control speech muscles
What is the major characteristic of Broca’s Aphasia?
Slow, haulting speech
What is the ability of someone with Broca’s Aphasia’s to access words?
Extreme difficult
How is the comprehension of someone with Broca’s Aphasia?
Good!
What are the language parts of temporal lobe?
Primary Auditory Cortex
Wernicke’s Area
What does the Primary Auditory Cortex do?
Perception of Auditory Stimuli
Where does the Primary Auditory Cortex send information next?
Wernicke’s Area
What does Wernicke’s Area do?
Storage and retrieval of words and meanings
Grammar Rules
What is Wernicke’s Aphasia characterized by?
Fluent but nonsensical speech
Jargon
How is comprehension in Wernicke’s Aphasia?
Poor
What does the Arcuate Fasciculus do?
Connects Wernicke’s to Broca’s
Where’s does Wernicke’s Area send information next?
Arcuate Fasciculus
Where does Arcuate Fasciculus send information next?
Broca’s Area
What does Conduction Aphasia affect?
The Arcuate Fasciculus
What are the two addition areas of the brain that are important to reading and writing?
Primary Visual Cortex
Angular Gyrus
Where is the Primary Visual Cortex?
Occipital Lobe
What is the Primary Visual Cortex in charge of?
Visual Perception
Where is the Angular Gyrus located?
At the junction of the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes
What does the Angular Gyrus do?
Associates visual symbols to linguistic constructs
What is the neural pathway to Understanding Speech?
Primary Auditory Cortex -> Wernicke’s
What is the neural pathway to Producing Spontaneous Speech?
Wernicke’s Area -> Arcuate Fasciculus -> Broca’s Area -> Primary Motor Cortex
What is the neural pathway to Verbal Repetition?
Primary Auditory Cortex -> Wernicke’s Area -> Arcuate Fasciculus -> Broca’s Area -> Primary Motor Cortex
What is the neural pathway to Reading?
Primary Visual Cortex -> Angular Gyrus -> Wernicke’s Area
What will damage to Broca’s Area cause?
Know what to say but not how to say it
What will damage to Wernicke’s Area cause?
Comprehension problems
What will damage to Primary Auditory Cortex cause?
Can’t hear it
What will damage to Angular Gyrus cause?
Can’t read write
What will damage to Primary Visual Cortex cause?
Can’t see
What will damage to Arcuate Fasciculus cause?
Can’t repeat
No spontaneous speech
Aphasia can be classified as _______ or _______.
Receptive
Expressive
What are Trait Categories of Receptive Aphasia?
Language content
Language form
What are we looking for in language content in Receptive Aphasia?
Isolated words
Sentence & connected speech
What are we looking for in language form in Receptive Aphasia?
Morphology
Syntax
What are Trait Categories of Expressive Aphasia?
Language Content
Language Form
Language Use
What are we looking for in language content in Expressive Aphasia?
Word retrieval tasks - naming
Connected speech
What are we looking for in language form in Expressive Aphasia?
(5)
Sentence generation
Connected/spontaneous speech
Use of function words
Morphological markers
Syntactic constructs
What are we looking for in language use in Expressive Aphasia?
Pragmatics
