11 - Reading Module Flashcards
Eyetracking research focuses on ______ & ______.
Fixations
Saccades
What is a Fixation?
The time spent focusing on one particular location when reading
What is the average reading fixation?
About 250 msec
What character do readers tend to focus on from the right? From the left?
14 characters on the right
4 characters on the left
How many letters are seen with 100% acuity around the fixation point?
Only 4-5
What sorts of words do people tend to fixate on longer?
Harder words (low frequency, uncommon)
Do we “see” all the words we read?
Nope
Do we tend to skip more content words or more function words?
Function
What are Saccades?
Eye movements, jumps
How long do saccades tend to last?
About 20 msec
How many letters are saccades?
About 10 letters in length
What are backwards saccades called?
Regressions
Do fluent readers have regressions? When do these usually occur?
Yes
Usually when a reader is confused, distracted, etc.
As readers become fluent, do their fixations, saccades and regressions decrease?
Yes
Can formatting can affect eye movements?
Yes
People with dyslexia show different eye-movement patterns. They have ______ fixations, ______ saccades, and ______ regressions.
Slower
Shorter
More frequent
What are the Three Types of Orthographies?
Logography
Syllabary
Alphabet
What is a Logography?
Symbols/characters are used to represent words/morphemes
Logograhies tend to be all-or-none meaning you will not be able to read a character you don’t know
What are two examples of logographies?
Mayan
Chinese
What is a Syllabary?
Symbols/characters represent syllables
What is an example of a syllabary?
Japanese hiragana
What is an Alphabet?
Letters represent one or more phonemes
Most European languages use the latin alphabet
What is a Shallow Orthography?
One that has a strong spelling-to-sound correspondence
The symbols are consistent with thir associated sounds
You just need the basic rules to sound out all words
What is a deep orthography
One that has weak spelling-to-sound correspondence
Letters are inconsistent with their associated sounds
A letter may represent several different sounds
Are people more accurate in identifying a single letter or a letter within a word?
A letter within a word
What does Healy’s T-Circling Task show us?
That we tend to skip over function words
