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Language Science > 3.7: Lexical Access > Flashcards

3.7: Lexical Access Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the three types of Lexical Access Tasks?

A

Lexical Descision Tasks

Naming Tasks

Perceptual Identification

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1
Q

What is Lexical access?

A

How we retrieve words

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2
Q

What are Lexical Descision Tasks? When can this be difficult?

A

Is this a word?

It’s hard to quickly say is this a word when words are fired at us quickly because we must first access the word in order to make a decision

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3
Q

What are Naming Tasks?

A

Name items as fast as you can

Similar to Lexical Decision Task but is more natural (We don’t really interact with non words in real life)

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4
Q

What is Perceptual Identification?

A

Looking at Words in noise or that have been degraded

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5
Q

What are we measuring in all three types of lexical decision tasks?

A

RTs

Errors

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6
Q

What four variables can affect Lexical Access?

A

Word Frequency

Word Familiarity

Imageability/Concreteness

Context

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7
Q

What is Word Frequency?

A

How often words appear in print

Token Frequency

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8
Q

In lexical access tasks, as frequency decreases, performance ______.

A

Will decline

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9
Q

What words are usually less affected by brain injury: high frequency or low frequency? Are open class and closed class words affected in a similar manner?

A

High frequency

No. This frequency effect is only found for open-class words (nouns, adject, etc.)

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10
Q

What is Word Familiarity?

A

How familiar a person is with a word

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11
Q

Is word familiarity the same thing as word frequency?

A

No. A low frequency word can still be very familiar

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12
Q

Does familiarity vary along with someone’s society or culture?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Are highly familiar words more easily accessed?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What is the benefit to Repetition Priming?

A

People are faster to respond to previously accessed items (repeated words)

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15
Q

What is Imageability/Concreteness?

A

Concrete words (table, book, dog)

Ones where it is easy to produce an image

16
Q

Are concrete words usually accessed faster than abstract words?

A

Yes

17
Q

Are concrete words less often affected by brain damage?

A

Yes

18
Q

Is is easy to produce an image for abstract words? (fate, hope, idea)

A

No

19
Q

How does Context help lexical access?

A

It primes us for the appropriate meaning

20
Q

What is a Simultaneous Bilingual?

A

One who acquires both (all) languages at or near birth

21
Q

What is a Sequential Bilingual?

A

One who acquires on language at birth and a second language during childhood or later in life

22
Q

What is a Balanced Bilingual?

A

One who communicates in two or more langages with equal proficiency

23
Q

What is an Unbalanced Bilingual?

A

One who is more proficient in one language

24
Q

What is a Language Learner?

A

Emergent

One who is learning a language

25
Q

What is a Highly Proficient Speaker?

A

Advanced

One who has studied a language for a long time

26
Q

What is a Near Native Speaker?

A

Not a native speaker but speaks fluently

27
Q

What is a Native Speaker?

A

Grew up speaking a language from birth

28
Q

How is Word Frequency affected in Bilinguals?

A

A highly frequent word might appear less frequent

29
Q

How is Word Familiarity affected in Bilinguals?

A

Level of fluency will determine Bilinguals how familiar words are

30
Q

How is Imageability/Concreteness affected in Bilinguals?

A

Concrete words usually have one word

Abstract words may have multiple translations due to the semantics

31
Q

What is a Bilingual General Lexical Decision Task?

A

You have to decide if something is a word in either langauge

32
Q

What is a Bilingual Specific Lexical Decision Task?

A

Your decision can only be based in one language

33
Q

What are Cognates?

A

Words that have similar spelling & meaning across languages

34
Q

What are Interlingual Homographs?

A

Words that have the same spelling but different meanings across languages

35
Q

What did Libben & Titone study in 2009 regarding bilinguals?

A

How they processed cognates and interlingual homographs

He used eyetracking

(Cognates: He ate the meal like a ferocious animal)

(Interlingual homographs: My grandmother baked a delicious PIE)

36
Q

What did Libben & Titone find in their 2009 study regarding bilinguals? Why?

A

Irregardless of context, people started more at the interlingual homographs

Both meanings are activated so there is a conflict that must be resolved

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