Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYCH 367 > Lecture 17 Hearing > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

Animals with ___________ eyes that have fields which significantly overlap afford good stereoscopic depth perception.

A

frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Animals with __________ eyes have poor stereoscopic depth perception (but gain a more panoramic view).

A

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In the familiarization period, how do infants perceive a larger version of the same toy they had previously seen?

A

they perceive the larger object as being closer because they relied on familiar size to judge distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

infants develop the ability to use shadows to guide depth perception at approximately ________ months.

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the physical definition for sound?

A

pressure changes in the air or other medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the perceptual definition for sound?

A

the experience we have when we hear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the 2 processes that allow loud speakers to produce sound.

A
  • CONDENSATION (compression): diaphragm of speaker moves OUT, PUSHING air molecules together
  • RAREFACTION (expansion): diaphragm of speaker moves IN, PULLING the air molecules apart
  • the cycle of this process creates alternating high and low-pressure regions that travel through the air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are pure tones?

A

tones which create changes in air pressure that can be described by a single sine wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the basic building block of sounds?

A

pure tones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is frequency?

A

number of cycles within a given time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is one Hz in terms of cycles and seconds?

A

one cycle/second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is perception of pitch related to in terms of physical aspects of sounds?

A

frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is tone height?

A

increase in pitch that happens when frequency increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is amplitude?

A

difference in pressure between high and low peaks of wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is perception of amplitude known as?

A

loudness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which scale is used as a measure of loudness?

A

decibel (dB) scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The decibel scale relates the ________ of the stimulus with the psychological experience of _______________.

A

amplitude; loudness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Both pure and complex tones are __________ tones.

A

periodic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are periodic tones?

A

tones in which the waveform repeats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are periodic complex tones?

A

consist of a number of pure tones called harmonics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the fundamental frequency? what is another name for it?

A

the repetition rate; aka first harmonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are higher harmonics?

A

multiples of the fundamental frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are frequency spectras?

A

plot of the harmonics of a complex sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the frequency of the first harmonic?

A

200 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the frequency of the second harmonic?
400 Hz
26
What is the frequency of the third harmonic?
600 Hz
27
What is the frequency of the 4th harmonic?
800 Hz
28
review slide 15
slide 15
29
What is the human hearing range (frequency)?
20 to 20,000 Hz
30
What is the audibility curve?
shows the threshold of hearing in relation to frequency
31
What frequency range are humans most sensitive to? What function does it support?
- 2000-4000 Hz - important for understanding speech
32
The auditory response falls between the ________________ and the __________________.
audibility curve; threshold for feeling
33
what is the threshold for feeling?
point at which sounds we can feel sounds, where they can cause pain
34
Equal loudness curves can be determined by using a standard__________ Hz tone.
1000
35
review equal loudness curves
slide 19
36
What is pitch?
perceptual quality we describe as high and low
37
What is timbre?
all other perceptual aspects of a sound besides loudness, pitch, and duration
38
What is the effect of missing fundamental frequency (i.e. removal of the first harmonic)?
results in a sound with the same perceived PITCH, but with a different TIMBRE
39
____________ is closely related to the harmonics, attack, and decay of a tone.
timbre
40
What is attack of tones?
buildup of sound at the beginning of a tone
41
What is decay of tones?
decrease in sound at end of tone
42
What is the function of the pinna?
helps with sound location
43
The ______________ is a tube-like 3 cm long structure in the outer ear.
auditory canal
44
What is the function of the auditory canal?
protects the tympanic membrane (eardrum) at the end of the canal
45
What is resonance?
occurs when sound waves that are reflected back from the tympanic membrane interact with sound waves entering the canal, which can reinforce (increase the intensity of) certain frequencies
46
What is the resonant frequency in the auditory canal?
- the frequency that is most reinforced - 1000-5000 Hz
47
The _____________ is a 2 cubic centimetre cavity separating the inner from outer ear.
middle ear
48
The stapes transmits vibrations of the incus to the inner ear via the __________.
oval window of the cochlea
49
TRUE or FALSE: while the inner and middle ear are filled with air, the outer ear is filled with fluid that is much denser than air
FALSE: only inner ear with fluid
50
Which 2 properties of the middle ear assist with amplifying the sound?
1. by concentrating the vibrations of the large tympanic membrane onto the much smaller stapes 2. by being hinged and therefore creating 'lever action' which amplifies a small force
51
Where does transduction of pressure waves occur in the ear?
cochlea
52
What divides the 2 sections of the cochlea? What are the 2 sections?
- cochlear partition - upper half = scala vestibuli - lower half = scala tympani
53
The _______________ is located within the ________________ and contains inner and outer hair cells, which are the receptors for hearing.
organ of Corti; cochlear partition
54
___________________ vibrates in response to sound and supports the _________________.
basilar membrane; organ of Corti
55
______________________ extends over the hair cells.
tectorial membrane
56
The back and forth motion of the oval window transmits vibrations to the liquid inside the cochlea to cause basilar membrane to move ____________.
up and down
57
The back and forth motion of the oval window transmits vibrations to the liquid inside the cochlea to cause tectorial membrane to move ____________
back and forth
58
The ____________ (parts of the outer hair cells) bend in response to movement of organ of Corti and the tectorial membrane.
stereocilia
59
movement in one direction opens ion channels in the _________________ (parts of the sterecilia)
tip links
60
What is phase locking?
- nerve fibres firing at/near peak of sound wave, and are thus 'locked in phase - groups of fibres fire with periods of silent intervals, creating a pattern of firing
61
review slide 34
slide 34
62
What is the place theory of hearing?
frequency of sound is indicated by the place on the organ of Corti that has the highest firing rate
63
How did Bekesy determine the place theory of hearing?
- direct observation of the basilar membrane in cadavers, as well as by building a model of the cochlea using the physical properties of the basilar membrane - he noticed that the basilar membrane's vibration was like a TRAVELLING WAVE
64
TRUE or FALSE: the apex of the basilar membrane is 3-4x narrow than at the base.
FALSE: base is narrower
65
TRUE or FALSE: the base of the basilar membrane is 100 times stiffer at the apex
TRUE
66
Because the amount of displacement on the basilar membrane is a function of frequency, we can think of the cochlea as effectively functioning like a _______.
filter
67
What is the coffee bean filter analogy?
???

PSYCH 367 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions