Lecture 1: Introduction Flashcards
What is ontogenetic development
An individual over their life
What is microgenetic development
Very brief period of time
What is Phylogentic development
Evolutionary development
Stages of development
Prenatal (conception to birth) Infancy (birth -2) Preschool (2-4) Childhood (5-12) Adolescence (12-18) Young adult (18-40) Middle adult later adult
WHat are the three stages of prenatal development?
- germinal stage
- The embryonic period
- The foetal period
What happens in the germinal stage?
- A fertilized egg= a zygote
- Genes are short segments of chromosomes- molecules of DNA
- Every cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes 1 from mum and 1 from dad.
- The 23rd chromosome determines sex.
The egg doubles in size twice a day..
WHat happens in the Embryonic stage
2-8 weeks
The zygote attatches to the uterine wall
- the amniotic sac = clear fluid for temp and cushioning
- The placenta = exchange
What are the 3 layers which develop in the embryonic stage
- The ectoderm = top - the nervous sytem, nails, teeth, ears, eyes and skin
- the mesoderm= middle- muscles, bones, circulation, skin and organs
- The endoderm= bottom - digestive system, lungs, glands and urinary tract
What happens in the foetal period ?
9 weeks to birth
- development of sexual organs - androgens : testosterone
- ENvironment: Teratogens- alcohol: timing dose response relationship
what develops in the ectoderm?
The nervous system, nails, teeth,
what happens in the mesoderm?
Muscles, circulations, skin organs
what develops in the endoderm?
urinary, lungs, glands, digestive system
what is preformatism?
the belief that miniature people lived in sperm
epigenesis?
The knowledge of development we have now
what is foetal alcohol syndrome
teratogens such as alcohol cross the placenta and get into the amniotic sac, cuasing heightened autonomic reflexes and abnormal startle reflexes.
Small head, folds of skin between the eyes and nose, smooth upper lip, short nose, flat upper nose.
