ADHD

Question 1

what is atypical development?

Answer 1

If there is a delay in the emergence of a particular behaviour, may follow the usual pathway but take longer than expected.

Question 2

What is ADHD and what is the prevalence

Answer 2

A developmental disorder causing hyperactivity or impulsivity.
- UK: 3.62 b, 0.8 g

Question 3

classification in the dsm

Answer 3

Hyperactive, innattention

- must have seveeral inattentive or hyperactive impuse sysmptoms before the age of 12

Question 4

Inattention

Answer 4

6 or more of the following symptoms for 6 months prior

• attention
• careless mistakes
• organisation

Question 5

hyperactivity

Answer 5

6 or more for 6 months

• fidgets
• leaves seat
• climbs
• cant engage in liesure activities quietly
• is often on the go
• talks excessively

Question 6

co morbidity

motor co ordination

Answer 6

60% have a coordination disorder.

Question 7

co morbidity

IQ

Answer 7

perform less well on IQ tests

Question 8

co morbidity

Academic attainment

Answer 8

younger children may be less ready for schooling and often perform worse at knowing numbers , colours and shapes

Question 9

co morbidity

sleep

Answer 9

have sleep disturbances, wake up more often and have difficulty falling asleep.

Question 10

co morbidity

social issues

Answer 10

less likley to make friends
struggle waitin their turn and have difficulty losing
reduce sustainability as play mates

Question 11

Cause

Genes

Answer 11

highly heritable

2- 8 fold

Question 12

cause

environment

Answer 12

growing up in deprived care may increase innattention
- children with ADHD have an atypical cortisol response, their cortisol decreases following a stressor- poor inhibition of the HPA

Question 13

cause

parenting

Answer 13

chaotic and disorganised parenting in predisposed individuals can lead to the development

Question 14

cause

diet

Answer 14

no link

Question 15

cause

neuropsychology

Answer 15

cognitive dysregulation (Nigg, 2001) behaviour results from lack of planning, forethought and control

Delay Aversion (Sonuga- Barke et al., (1996)) 
Control= impulse
no control= innattention

Question 16

Different treatment types

Answer 16

psychosocial behavioural

drug treatment

Question 17

psychosocial treatments

Answer 17

parent training

• New forest parent training programe (Sonuga- Barke et al, 2001)
  1. Psycho- education
  2. parent child relations
  3. behaviour training and limit setting
  4. attention training

-triple p positive parenting programme
17 core strategies
10 competence
7 limit setting

Question 18

teacher training

Answer 18

work with child and parent
adress by name
eye contact
what not why 
clear
reinforcement

Question 19

behavioural

Answer 19

rules, commands, expectations, encouragement

Question 20

dopamine/ norepinephrine

Answer 20

low levels
D= reward
N= stress

Question 21

drugs

Answer 21

methamphetamine
Ritalin : Slows release, sustained level and control of dopamine
Speed: dumps dopamine, surge of pleasure, short half life.

Question 22

adult life

Answer 22

structure, jobs, creativity, decline in symptoms