Language development Flashcards
What are Hockett’s design features of language
- Semanticity
- Arbitrariness (no connection between sound used and message being sent)
- Displacement (communicating things which arent currently present)
- Productivity (ability to create new utterances due to previous ones)
- Duality of pattrning (meaningless phonic segments- phonemes- are combined to make meaningful words which are combined to make sentences.
- Discreteness
What is language made up of?
Phonology
Syntax/ morphology
semantics
pragmatics
What are Phones
The different sounds in language are called phones -
what are phonemes
The smallest meaningful unit of sound.
how does phonological developement occur over the first year of life
infants are born being able to perceieve all sounds, but they become fine tuned.
Japanese 8 month olds distinguish ra and la whereas 1 year olds dont.
Vihman (1996)
Production
From birth?
crying, involuntary sounds
Vihman (1996)
Production
2-4 months
cooing, 16 weeks laughter
Vihman (1996)
Production
4-7 months
squeals, yells, raspberries, vowels and babbling,
Vihman (1996)
Production
7 months
Reduplicted or cannonical babbling
Vihman (1996)
Production
10 months
reflect language
Vihman (1996)
Production
1 year
variegated babbling - bagoo
McGillion et al (2017) suggests that the age at which children produce cannonical babbling predicts
- when they will be able to speak words
- how many words they will produce at 18 months
Donnellan et al suggests that a caregivers response to babbling predicts
word learning
Vihman (1996) suggests that childrens vocalisations are limited because?
- the size and placement of the tongue
- neuromuscular limits
what is gaze following
infants follow peoples line of regard/
baldwin (1991) suggest that at 18 months
infants use gaze following to checkk someones line of regard
what is joint attention
around 9 months infants begin to engage in joint attention (when two people are mutually aware they are attending to something)
carpenter et al (1998) time spent in joint attention predicts
word learning
how is pointing linked to language development
between 9 and 14 months infants begin to point imperatvely (to tell someone something) and declaratively (to inform someone of something)
Colonnesi et al (2010) suggests that index finger pointing and showing is
a predictor of vocab learning
when do most children produce their first words
around a year
how many words do children learn before it starts to speed up
50- 100
What are spoonerisms and malapropisms and how are they linked to language development
children produce errors when first talking, they can perceie but not produce.
What does Wittgenstein (1953) suggest about semantics learning in childhood.
we can assume that word learning is about converging on the adult use of the word
