Lecture 1/2: Introduction and individual differences

Question 1

The Hawthorne effect

Answer 1

Employees will perform better when they feel that the management is concerned about employee welfare

Question 2

Scientist-Practioner Model

Answer 2

Acting as scientists when they conduct research and implementing these into the actual organizations –> Evidence bases management

Question 3

Model of verbal- & spatial intelligence (Vernon)

Answer 3

• Verbal intelligence: being able to be very good with reading/hearing/speaking/writing/debating/discussion
• Spatial/mechanical intelligence: being very good at drawing/building/design & puzzles/imagining

Question 4

Model of crystalized- & fluid ability (Cattel)

Answer 4

• Crystalized ability: the knowledge that you gain through learning and experience
• Fluid ability: ability to adapt to new unexpected situations, to solve new problems as they arise

Question 5

Spearman’s G

Answer 5

Big correlation/overlap of performance of different tasks due to an underlying factor –> g

Question 6

Cognitive ability

Answer 6

• Correlation between cognitive ability and performance of 0.5 for complex jobs and 0.23 for low-complexity jobs
• Helps acquire job knowledge better and faster
• Effects are not stable

Question 7

Myers-Briggs Type indicator

Answer 7

• Introverted/Extraverted: reserved, timid, shy VS gregarious, assertive, sociable
• Sensing/Intuitive: practival, order, details VS big picture, unconscious processes
• Thinking/Feeling: reason, logic VS personal values, emotions
• Judging/Perceiving: control, world is ordered & structured VS flexible and spontaneous

Question 8

Criticism Myers-Briggs Type indicator

Answer 8

• Self-reported, poor validity, poor reliability
• Puts you in 1 category, people can be somewhere in the middle
• Results depending on your mood and in other contexts

Question 9

Big Five (OCEAN)

Answer 9

• Openness (curious, broad interests)
• Conscientiousness (reliable, orderly, disciplined)
• Extraversion (outgoing, assertive)
• Agreeableness (friendly, cooperative)
• Neuroticism (emotional instable)

Question 10

Criticism of The Big Five:

Answer 10

• Atheoretical
• Self-reported
• Different results based on context
• More/less dimensions? –> HEXACO; added honesty/humility

Question 11

Personality

Answer 11

• Predicts job performance, depending on job requirements
• Certain traits are related to job satisfaction and commitment
• Personality affects work behaviour and also be affected by work (not stable)

Question 12

Trait Activation Theory (TAT)

Answer 12

Proposes behaviour results from an interaction between person and situation