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BIOL 261 > LEC EXAM #2 CHP 6 > Flashcards

LEC EXAM #2 CHP 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Anaerobic respiration consists of:

A

Glycolysis and anaerobic fermentation (lactic acid production)

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2
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration/glycolysis occur in the cell?

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

Under what conditions does anaerobic respiration/glycolysis take place?

A

Typically in skeletal muscle; no oxygen is needed-when sprinting

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4
Q

What is NAD used for?

A

Grabs 2 electrons and 1 proton

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5
Q

What is the net ATP of anaerobic respiration?

A

2

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6
Q

Aerobic respiration consists of:

A

Krebs and the electron transport chain

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7
Q

How many ATP does Kreb’s cycle produce?

A

2

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8
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur in the cell?

A

Mitochondria matrix

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9
Q

Under what conditions does aerobic respiration occur?

A

When you need oxygen

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10
Q

How are NAD and FAD recycled?

A

Recycled in anaerobic and aerobic respiration

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11
Q

Cori cycle:

A

How we process lactic acid

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12
Q

What are end products of aerobic respiration?

A
  • 36 ATP
  • CO2
  • H2O
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13
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?

A

Oxygen- that is why we need oxygen

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14
Q

Why is the ETC important?

A
  • Because it frees NAD+ and FAD to be reused in Krebs and the ETC
  • generates ATP
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15
Q

Components of ATP:

A

Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

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16
Q

What is ATP used for?

A

Transports and stores energy

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17
Q

How do get carbon dioxide from cellular metabolism?

A

from the final breakdown of glucose in the Kreb’s cycle

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18
Q

How do we get heat from cellular metabolism?

A

Energy in glucose releases heat

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19
Q

How do we get water from cellular metabolism?

A

From oxygen and hydrogen in the ETC

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20
Q

Gluconeogenesis:

A

synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors such as:

  • lactic acid
  • glycerol
  • amino acids
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21
Q

Glycogenesis:

A

synthesis of glycogen from glucose

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22
Q

How do we use triglycerides for cellular respiration?

A

For energy storage

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23
Q

What do triglycerides break down as during cellular respiration?

A

acetyl-CoA

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24
Q

What are the byproducts of lipid metabolism?

A

Beta oxidation

25
How do we use proteins for cellular respiration?
Rip off NH2 (amine group) and throw it into glycolysis or krebs
26
When do we use proteins for cellular respiration?
To synthesize needed proteins in the body and used last as a fuel source
27
What are the byproducts of ammonia and keto acid?
NADH
28
How does your body deal with ammonia?
- Ammonia is toxic; the brain is the first place affected, which can put you into a coma and cause brain swelling - ammonia-> urea; we pee it out
29
What are the phases of starvation:
1st: blood glucose is maintained by breaking down glycogen (carbs) 2nd: fats are primary energy source 3rd: proteins are primary energy source
30
How does diabetic keto acidosis work?
Occurs when insulin dependent patients cannot get glucose into the cell due to lack of insulin
31
Why is keto acidosis so dangerous?
Because your body begins using muscle, fat, and liver cells as fuels-> excessive ketones in blood-> acidifies blood and damages organs
32
The body can use amino acid/proteins in cellular respiration 2 ways:
1. can be converted into intermediates of kreb's and enter kreb's that way 2. can go through oxidative reanimation to produce NADH+ketones
33
In the 3rd phase of starvation, why does the body degrade cellular proteins and skeletal muscles for fuel?
To make NADH + ketones
34
What occurs during the 2nd phase of starvation?
Liver converts fatty acids-> ketone bodies for fuel (ketosis)
35
What occurs during the 3rd phase of starvation?
Fat reserves depleted and the body switches over to protein degradation as fuel source
36
1 glucose molecule =
36 ATP
37
What is FAD used for?
FADH2 gets converted to FAD when it gives up it's electrons to the ETC complexes
38
What grabs acid from ketones (acts as a pH buffer)?
Bicarbonate and albumin
39
What do you use to start glycolysis?
Glucose
40
How many NADH made in krebs and connector step?
6 in krebs | 2 in connector step
41
What gives you the most atp?
ETC and aerobic metabolism
42
FADH pumps out _ protons | NADH pumps out _ protons
2 | 3
43
1 NADH=
3 ATP
44
What creates ATP?
Going down conc. gradient
45
FADH will only go to:
Complex 2
46
How many ATP does the electron transport chain produce?
32
47
Cellular function:
- Cell growth and division - secretion - contraction - propagation of AP
48
Glycogen is found:
Liver + skeletal muscle
49
Triglycerides are found:
Liver + adipocytes
50
Energy production by fuel degradation:
Catabolism
51
Using energy produced to maintain functions/homeostasis:
Anabolism
52
In order for your body to carry out metabolism, it requires:
Respiratory Cardiovascular Digestive Well balanced diet
53
What does glycolysis require? (5)
- enzymes - ATP - ADP - P - NAD
54
Without oxygen in the ETC...
NADH/FADH would not be able to regenerate to NAD/FAD
55
Fermentaion gives you:
Lactic acid or ethanol
56
The cori cycle:
glucose converts to -> lactate in skeletal muscle | lactate converts to-> glucose in the liver
57
if you want to store glucose you use:
glycogenesis
58
if you don't have enough glucose to make ATP you use:
Gluconeogenesis

BIOL 261 (21 decks)

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