LEC EXAM #1 CHP 1 Flashcards
Anatomy focuses on the ______ of the body.
Physiology focuses on the ______ of living things.
structures
processes/functions
Factors required for survival: (5)
- nutrients
- oxygen
- water
- body temp.
- atmospheric pressure
Examples of characteristics of life: (5)
- movement
- digestion
- metabolism
- growth
- reproduction
Homeostasis:
- “unchanging”
- maintaining stable internal environment, regardless of external environment
Automatic/Intrinsic regulation:
cell, tissue, organ
Extrinsic regulation:
nervous and endocrine system
Sensor:
gives a receptor and locator, senses change
Stimulus:
deviation from set point
Integrator:
compares signal coming in to set point
Effector:
organ or tissue
Response:
change that occurs
Disturbance:
can’t get back to set point
Set point:
normal values
Error:
still normal values but not set point
Example of feedback loop for body temp:
Stimulus: Increase in body temp
Sensor: Thermoreceptors in skin and hypothalamus
Integrator: Hypothalamus
Effector: Skin blood vessels and sweat glands
Response: Blood vessels in skin vasodilator-> release heat
sweat glands in skin release heat as sweat
Result: Decrease in body temp.
Example of feedback loop for blood glucose/sugar:
Stimulus: Increase in blood sugar
Sensor: Beta cells of Isl. of Lang (insulin in blood)
Integrator: Beta cells of Isl. of Lang
Effector: Body cells, adipose, liver and skeletal muscle
Response: Liver and skeletal muscle uptake glucose -> glycogen
Result: Blood sugar decreases
Disturbance for blood glucose?
DM
Disturbance for body temp?
Hypothermia
Levels of organization:
chemical cellular tissue organ organ system organism
