LEC EXAM #1 CHP 3

Question 1

What is the endosymbiotic theory state?

Answer 1

Eukaryotes evolved from anaerobic bacteria (chloroplasts) and intracellular aerobic bacteria (mitochondria)

Question 2

What is the evidence for this theory?

Answer 2

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have ribosomes, their own DNA, and reproduce by binary fission

Question 3

Plasma membrane is comprised of:

Answer 3

Phospholipid bilayer-(double layer of phospholipid molecules)

Question 4

functions of plasma membrane:

Answer 4

• barrier
• support
• regulates what comes in and out

Question 5

How do we know the plasma membrane is fluid?

Answer 5

Fluid mosaic model

Question 6

What does the fluid mosaic model describe the movement of plasma membrane is due to:

Answer 6

Unsaturated hydrophobic fatty acid tails kink

Question 7

3 components of cytoplasm:

Answer 7

• cytosol: watery matrix
• organelles: little organs
• inclusions: store nutrients

Question 8

Housed in centromere, forms spindle apparatus during cellular division and used in cilia and sperm flagella for movement:

Answer 8

Centrioles

Question 9

Small extensions of the cell to increase surface area:

Answer 9

Microvilli

Question 10

Small motile extensions of the cell surface, moves fluids across cell:

Answer 10

Cilia

Question 11

Tail of sperm that consists of microtubules:

Answer 11

Flagella

Question 12

Build polypeptides in protein synthesis:

Answer 12

Ribosomes

Question 13

Free ribosomes in:

Fixed ribosomes attached to:

Answer 13

Cytoplasm

ER

Question 14

Houses DNA, serves as cell’s control center:

Answer 14

Nucleus

Question 15

• No ribosomes attached
• Synthesis lipids and carbs
• Breaks down glycogen->glucose
• absorbs and transports lipids

Answer 15

SER

Question 16

• Covered in ribosomes
• protein synthesis
• folds polypeptides

Answer 16

RER

Question 17

Where the ER empties their digestive enzyme, protein, and lipid contents

Answer 17

Golgi apparatus

Question 18

Powerful, acidic, enzyme containing vesicles:

Answer 18

Lysosomes

Question 19

Use carbs, lipids, and proteins to synthesize ATP:

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

“Sugar coat”

Answer 20

Glycocalyx

Question 21

Passive transports that do not require ATP:

Answer 21

Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion

Question 22

What can passively pass through the plasma membrane?

Answer 22

anything that does not require ATP

Question 23

When do we use diffusion for passive transport?

Answer 23

Small hydrophobic molecules, small polar molecules, gasses

Question 24

When do we use osmosis for passive transports?

Answer 24

Osmosis of water

Question 25

Osmosis:

Answer 25

Movement of water to the side with more particles

Question 26

Hyposmotic:

Answer 26

Less particles outside the soln

Question 27

Hyperosmotic:

Answer 27

More particles outside the solution

Question 28

Tonicity:

Answer 28

how well a cell resists swelling/ how cell behaves inside soln depending on outside of cell

Question 29

Hypertonic:

Answer 29

• more soln outside the cell
• water moves outside cell
• cell shrinks or crenates

Question 30

Hypotonic

Answer 30

• less soln outside cell
• water moves inside cell
• cell swells up

Question 31

Passive transport/facilitated diffusion:

Answer 31

moving ions or large polar molecules down their conc. gradient

Question 32

2 types of transport proteins:

Answer 32

• channel: (ligand, voltage) transports sodium

- carrier: transport glucose and amino acids

Question 33

Secondary active transport:

Answer 33

2nd pump that works at the same time as the primary pump to drive down coupled molecules, using less ATP

Question 34

When a carrier protein is saturated…

Answer 34

the rate of transport is maximal.

Question 35

Active transport:

Answer 35

Pumping substances across the membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring ATP

Question 36

When a membrane-bound vesicle carrying substance fuses with the plasma membrane and secretes its contents to the cell’s exterior:

Answer 36

Exocytosis

Question 37

When a substance is brought into the cell and the plasma membrane buds inward:

Answer 37

Endocytosis

Question 38

3 examples of exocytosis:

Answer 38

• secretion of digestive enzymes by pancreas
• secretion of mucous by salivary glands
• secretion of milk by mammary glands

Question 39

2 types of endocytosis:

Answer 39

• Phagocytosis

- Pinocytosis

Question 40

Secondary messenger systems:

Answer 40

cAMP and G-protein coupled mechanisms

Question 41

Tonicity deals with:

Osmosis deals with:

Answer 41

Solution

Solute particles

Question 42

Why would you treat a patient with a 0.5%NaCl hypotonic soln?

Answer 42

To treat a patient with dehydration, because the lower concentration of solutes will move into the cell