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BIOL 261 > BIOL 261 FINAL CHP 16 > Flashcards

BIOL 261 FINAL CHP 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 pressures contribute to a +10 mmHg filtration pressure in the renal corpuscle:

A
  • glomerular hydrostatic pressure (55 mm Hg)
  • colloid osmotic pressure (30 mm Hg)
  • capsular hydrostatic pressure (15 mm Hg)
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2
Q

Why do we need to regulate GFR?

A
  • if its too high, needed substances cannot be reabsorbed quickly enough and are lost in the urine
  • if too low, everything is reabsorbed, including wastes that are normally disposed of
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3
Q

If we change MAP how does that affect GFR?

A
  • GFR stays constant

- JG apparatus releases renin **

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4
Q

How is GFR regulated under myogenic response?

A
  • as BP increases-> GFR increases-> afferent arteriole constricts->GFR decreases
  • as BP decrease->GFR decreases->afferent arteriole dilates->increase in GFR
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5
Q

How is GFR regulated under tubuloglomerular regulation?

A
  • if Na is high in DCT->GFR increases->afferent arteriole constricts
  • if Na is low in DCT->GFR decreases->afferent arterioles vasodilate
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6
Q

How is GFR regulated under ANS?

A
  • sympathetic NS (Epi + NE)-> vasoconstricts

- angiotensin 2->vasoconstrictor afferent arteriole

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7
Q

When BP changes, _______ stays the same regardless.

A

Filtration rate

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8
Q

Renin released from JG apparatus when: (2)

A
  • aff. art. MAP drops
  • macula densa cells sense low plasma osmolarity or LOW Na
  • increased urine output
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9
Q

What is reabsorbed in the PCT?

A
  • amino acids
  • Na
  • glucose
  • bicarbonate
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10
Q

What is secreted in the PCT?

A
  • antibioitics
  • creatinine
  • uric acid
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11
Q

What is reabsorbed at the DCT and what hormone is responsible for that?

A

sodium-aldosterone; calcium-PTH

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12
Q

How is glucose handled in the PCT?

A

Reabsorbed

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13
Q

Ascending loop of henle is permeable to:

A

Na, impermeable to water

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14
Q

What is secreted in the DCT?

A

Urea and protons

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15
Q

Positive homeostatic feedback loop for blood osmolarity:

A

Stimulus: Decrease in Blood Osmolarity (overly hydrated)
Sensor: Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
Integrator: Hypothalamus/ posterior pituitary gland
-Inhibits Antidiuretic Hormone-
Effector: Collecting ducts of nephron
Response: Decrease in aquaporin, decrease in H2O reabsorption, increase in urine output.
Result: Increase in blood osmolality

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16
Q

Water is reabsorbed into the collecting duct due to AHD. How does that effect blood osmolarity and urine output?

A

Decreases blood osmolarity and urine output

17
Q

Normal acid-base balance of blood in nephron is:

A

7.35-7.45

18
Q

How does the nephron regulate pH of blood?

A
  • pH < 7.35 = acidosis

* pH > 7.45 = alkalosis

19
Q

Negative homeostatic feedback loop for blood osmolarity:

A

Stimulus: Increase in Blood Osmolarity (dehydrated)
Sensor: Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
Integrator: Hypothalamus/ posterior pituitary gland
-Releases Antidiuretic Hormone-
Effector: Collecting ducts in nephron
Response: Increase in aquaporin, increase in H2O reabsorption, decrease in urine output.
Result: Decrease in blood osmolality

20
Q

Acid-base balance affect on pH of urine:

A

Adds more H+-> more acidic

21
Q

Osmolarity of blood is:

A

300 mOsm/liter

22
Q

PCT:

A

70% of water and ions reabsorbed

23
Q

How does diabetes mellitus act as a diuretic and how does that effect urine output?

A

Due to the glucose pulling water back into the urine

Increased urine output

24
Q

How does diabetes mellitus cause glucosurea?

A

Increased blood glucose due to not enough insulin to balance sugar levels

25
Q

When does DM cause glucosurea?

A

When renal threshold is past 175 mg/dl of plasma-> hits threshold->saturates filtrate with glucose

26
Q

How does going deeper into the renal medulla cause an increase in osmolarity?

A

As you go deeper into the medulla, it becomes saltier and you have more urea so your osmolarity increases and most of the water gets reabsorbed due to high osmolarity

27
Q

In the ascending loop, what is not possible?

A

Osmosis

28
Q

What causes you to pull in Ca from your urine?

A

Parathyroid hormone

29
Q

H+ and HCO3 filtered from the glomerulus combine to make:

A

Carbonic acid

30
Q

Carbonic acids splits into:

A

Bicarbonate and protons

31
Q

What are you doing in the PCT?

A

Reabsorbing bicarbonate and kicking out H+

32
Q

How does the kidney change urine filtrate osmolarity through the PCT->DCT

A

300 mOsm/liter in PCT-> 100mOsm/liter in DCT

33
Q

Water gets pulled in at:

A

Descending limb

BIOL 261 (21 decks)

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