BIOL 261 QUIZ 1 Flashcards
levels of organization:
chemical cellular tissue organ organ system organism
Sensor:
gives a receptor and locator, senses change
stimulus:
deviation from set point
integrator:
compares signal coming in to set point
effector:
organ or tissue
response:
change that occurs
disturbance:
can’t get back to set point
set point:
normal values
error:
still normal values but not set point
example of feed back loop for pulse rate:
Stimulus: Increase in pulse rate Sensor: Baroreceptors in arterial walls Integrator: Sinoatrial node Effector: Heart tissues Response: Increase in blood flow to the heart and rest of body Result: Pulse rate decreases
example of feed back loop for respiratory
rate:
Stimulus: Increase in ppCO2 Sensor: chemoreceptors Integrator: medulla oblongata Effector: respiratory muscles Response: increase in respiratory rate and depth Result: decrease in ppCO2
example of feedback loop for body temp:
Stimulus: Increase in body temp
Sensor: Thermoreceptors in skin and hypothalamus
Integrator: Hypothalamus
Effector: Skin blood vessels and sweat glands
Response: Blood vessels in skin vasodilator-> release heat
sweat glands in skin release heat as sweat
Result: Decrease in body temp.
3 monosaccharides:
- glucose
- galactose
- fructose
Disaccharides:
2 simple sugars condensed by dehydration
Monosaccharides:
simple sugars with 3-7 carbon atoms
2 ex of disaccharides:
- sucrose= glu+fru
- maltose= glu+glu
Polysaccharides:
Many monosaccharides condensed by dehydration to form a polymer
complex carbohydrates:
cellulose-insoluble dietary fiber that keeps your digestive tract moving
lipids
- made of carbon and hydrogen atoms
- hydrophobic
1 important function of triglycerides:
Attract and store lipid-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, drugs, and toxins
triglyceride:
glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acid tails
what 2 things are essential for fatty acids?
omega-3 and omega-6
Associated with healthy brain and nerve function and decreased body inflammation:
Omega-3
Where can you find omega-3 fatty acids:
salmon, sardines
Associated with inflammation:
Omega-6
Where can you find omega-6?
eggs, animal meat
fatty acids can be either:
-saturated (no double bonds)
or
-unsaturated (double bond)
2 ex of unsaturated fatty acid:
- monounsaturated
2. polyunsaturated
Single bonds:
- solid at room temp
- pack together tightly
Double bonds:
- liquid at room temp
- kink
4 things steroids are made up of:
- cholesterol
- estrogen and testosterone
- cortisteroids and calcitriol
- bile salts
cholesterol:
- insoluble in water
- carried throughout body by lipoproteins
High in cholesterol and low in protein:
low-density lipoproteins
Contain more protein than cholestrol:
high-density lipoproteins
