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Bio 208 > Lec 5- aquatic biomes > Flashcards

Lec 5- aquatic biomes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

biomes

A
  • way of categorizing ecosystems
  • distinguished by dominant plants and climates (terrestrial) or movement and physical properties of water (aquatic)
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2
Q

kinds of marine biomes (5)

A

ocean/salty
- open ocean
- deep ocean and thermal vents
- kelp forests and coral gardens
- intertidal
- salt marshes and mangroves

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3
Q

open ocean

A

pelagic

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4
Q

deep ocean

A

benthic

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5
Q

intertidal

A

littoral

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6
Q

kinds of aquatic biomes

A

freshwater
- lakes
- rives and streams
- wetlands

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7
Q

lakes

A

lentic

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8
Q

rivers and streams

A

lotic

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9
Q

aquatic sys in Canada (8)

A

ocean
- open ocean, kelp forests, intertidal zone, estuaries (salt marshes and mangroves)
- lakes
- ponds
- rivers
- streams
- wetlands
- bogs
- fens

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10
Q

Oceans

A

70% of world
zones:
- littoral (intertidal) zone
- neritic zone
- oceanic (pelagic) zone
- zonation of habitat: benthic and pelagic

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11
Q

littoral zone

A

shallow shoreline, under influence of tides

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12
Q

neritic zone

A

coast to margin of continental shelf

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13
Q

oceanic zone

A

beyond continental shelf
- epipelagic 0-200
- mesopelagic 200-1000
- bathypelagic 1000-4000
- abyssal 4000-6000
- hadal 6000+

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14
Q

benthic

A

habitat at bottom of ocean

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15
Q

pelagic

A

habitat off the bottom, in open water

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16
Q

open ocean

A

pelagic
physical: light and temp dependent on depth, gyres, light decreases w depth
chemical: salty, o2 concentration correlated with depth
biological: photic zone, low densities

17
Q

deep ocean and thermal vents

A

physical/chemical: chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, no light
biological: highly adapted organisms, little known, hard to study b/c adapted to high pressure

18
Q

kelp forests and coral reefs

A

higher latitudes, ocean currents
biomes analogous to terrestrial forest
between Tropics
kelp across rocky shores and eat coast
kelp: 30 degrees latitude or high cooler temp
coral reef/garden: 30 degrees latitude or lower warm temp
- highly vulnerable
- high productive organisms

19
Q

Ekman spiral

A

starts at surface then moves down in specific movements
- Coriolis effect and wind move large water masses in vertical fashion
- with increasing depth, forces diminishes and changes direction due to friction in water
- wind directed water movement resembles vertical spiral
- net transport direction will be 90 degrees than surface wind direction
- key to transport of energy

20
Q

Coastal upwelling

A
  • wind driven off-shore movement of water
  • deeper waters replace displaced water nearshore
  • deeper waters nutrient-enriched
  • kelp forest
21
Q

intertidal

A

littoral
- ocean meets land
- rise and fall of tides
physical/chemical: tides, high light, temp closer to air temp, oxygenated
biological: amphibious. part marine and part terrestrial, starfish, mussels, algae

22
Q

salt marshes and mangroves

A
  • saltwater and freshwater mix
  • river into ocean
    physical/chemical: highly variable and dynamic like intertidal, salinity fluxes
    biological: marshes = grass, mangroves = trees, low diversity but high productivity
23
Q

lotic ecosystems

A

rivers and streams- natural channels of moving water, differ in sizes
rivers, streams, creeks/brooks

canals are human-made channels of flowing water integrated into an ecosystem

size depends on substrate, energy, photosynthesis
smaller have higher turbidity and less photosynthetic organisms

24
Q

rivers

A

physical/chemical: water moves, turbid, lots of suspended sediment, temp similar to air
biological: fish-variety, macroinvertebrates-benthic invertebrates

25
Q

lentic ecosystems

A

lakes = relatively deep large bodies
> 3m depth and >1 ha surface area
ponds = smaller, often fishless
wetlands = shallow, dominated by water-logged soils and aquatic vegetation

26
Q

lakes

A

lentic
- physical/chemical: more dynamic, “mini-oceans”
- biological: organisms vary by layer, light level, planktonic: free floating, nektonic = free swimming

27
Q

wetlands, bogs and fens

A

physical/chemical: decomp rate lower than production, still water, low O2
biology: structurally slowly decomposing organic material

28
Q

Peatlands

A

bogs and fens
- wetlands come in form of either forming peat or not
peat: partially decomposed plant material that builds up in certain poorly drained wetlands
bogs: in depressions in landscape
fens: receive water from ground or surface

29
Q

what are the key drivers of freshwater and marine ecosystems?

A

solar radiance
nutrients

30
Q

how are freshwater ecosystems contrasted?

A

based on flowing vs standing water

31
Q

what drives freshwater ecosystems?

A

landscape factors

32
Q

what regulates marine ecosystems?

A

oceanic currents

33
Q

what is a niche?

A

set of environmental conditions in which an organism can survive and reproduce
- abstract, not physical conditions

34
Q

fundamental niche

A

physical conditions which species night live in ABSENCE of interaction with other species
- no competition

35
Q

realized niche

A

environmental conditions which species might live when restricted by interactions with other species
- smaller than fundamental

36
Q

ecological niche- people (3)

A

Grinnell (1917, 1924)- abiotic factors
Elton (1927) - abiotic but more on biotic interactions
Hutchinson (1957)- realized niche, an n-dimensional hypervolume
- n = # of environmental factors important to survival and repro, generalize it
- humidity vs them to get pH

37
Q

MacArthur’s warblers

A

fundamental
5 species in spruce in NA
observed using binoculars and stopwatch

realized
- coexist in same tree by restricting feeding to certain areas- niche partitioning

38
Q

Competitive exclusion principle

A

no 2 species will occupy same realized niche, eventually one will out-compete the other

39
Q

Niche partitioning

A

when species in community use limiting factors in diff ways they will occupy different realized niches

Bio 208 (23 decks)

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