Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 208 > Lec 13- Life History > Flashcards

Lec 13- Life History Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

life history

A

description of major characteristics of an organism from birth to death
- body size
- survival
- age of reproductive maturity
- # of offspring produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

principle of allocation

A

amount of time and energy available to each organism is limited
- when energy and time is allocated to one function, it reduces energy and time available for other functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

energy budgets

A

need to allocate energy b/w and w/in parts of budget
- trade-offs w/in reproductive budget (offspring # and size)
( the small the offspring, the more produced)
- trade-offs b/w repro and other activities (survival and growth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

body size

A

length
height
weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fecundity

A

offspring per episode
- harbor seal: 1 offspring
- lionfish: 30,000-40,000 offspring
- tulip: ~50-250
- amaranth ~1000-10,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

parity

A

of episodes for repro per life
- sockeye salmon 1 (anadromous)
- brown booby 16-20x
- rapeseed 1x
- apple tree up to 100x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

maturity

A

age at 1st repro
- shrimp (4-6M)
- white shark (33 yrs)
- rapeseed (~3M)
- cherry tree (7-10 yrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

aging/senescence

A

life span/survival
- ostracod (~40 days)
- bowhead wale (200 yrs)
- sunflower (~1 yr- annual)
- western redcedar (1000 yrs - perennial)
- glass sponge (10,000+ yrs)
- aspen (80,000+ yrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

semelparity, semelparous

A

animals
one repro event
- salmon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

iteroparity, iteroparous

A

animals
multiple repro events
- brown booby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

monocarpic

A

flowers and sets seeds only 1x
- rapeseed
- plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

polycarpic

A

flowers and sets seeds multiple times
- trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

annual plants

A

completes life cycle in one growing season
- rapeseed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

perennial

A

completes life cycle in multiple growing seasons
- trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

allometry

A

study of scaling b/w body size and various biological traits/fxns (shape, anatomy, physiology, behavior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does body size influence?

A

relationships with temp, energy, water, and nutrient acquisition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

applications of allometry

A

estimating fish biomass in fisheries
- lionfish
- total length vs wet weight (+ correlation, exponential trend)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are life history trade-offs result of?

A

evolutionary trajectories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

offspring size vs number

A

freshwater darters
- the larger the fish, the higher number of eggs produced
+ correlation
linear
larger eggs means fewer eggs

20
Q

seed size vs dispersal distance

A

larger seeds = less produced
negative correlation
larger seed mass = wider plants are dispersed
- many factors influence how far seeds disperse (plant height)

21
Q

dispersal

A

permanent movement of individuals (propagules) usually from one population to another
- NOT migration

22
Q

seed dispersal

A

spread of seeds from mother plant across space

23
Q

offspring size vs gene flow

A

gene flow: transfer of genetic material from one population to another
- Turner and Trexler on diff species of darterfish
= smaller eggs means they are a larva for a longer time so they are able to move further away (more gene flow)

24
Q

gene flow- smaller eggs

A

smaller and more eggs
- smaller larvae
- longer larval phase
drift far away
low genetic isolation

25
Q

gene flow - larger eggs

A

larger and fewer eggs
- larger larvae
- short larval phase
do not drift far
higher genetic isolation

26
Q

survival vs age at maturity

A

reproductive effort: allocation of energy, time and other resources to reproduction
- formation of eggs and offspring care
- costly for some
- early investment = less e for growth/survival

27
Q

lizards and snakes (survival/maturity)

A

lizards and snakes have higher survival = mature at later ages

28
Q

why is reproduction costly?

A
  • organisms invest early in reproduction cannot allocate more E to growth and survival
  • those that opt for higher survival rate reproduce at a later life stage
29
Q

size vs maturity/behavior

A

variation within species also be substantial
- coho salmon “jack” vs “hooknose”

30
Q

hooknose vs jack

A

2 groups must represent 2 alternative but successful evolutionary strategies

31
Q

hooknose

A

fight among themselves to gain access to females
larger = later maturity

32
Q

jacks

A

can hide and fertilize eggs w/o getting into fights with larger hooknose

33
Q

r and K selection

A

MacArthur and Wilson

34
Q

r selection

A

small and fast
- high r
- competitive ability not strongly favored
- rapid development
- small body size
- single, semelparity reproduction
- many, small offspring

35
Q

K selection

A

large and slow
- low r
- highly favored competitive ability
- slow development
- late repro
- large body size
- repeated, iteroparity repro
- few, large offspring

36
Q

Grime’s triangle

A

CSR
- competitive
- stress-tolerant
- ruderal
center: intermediate life history strategies
CR - disturbance
CS- competition
SR- stress

37
Q

ruderals

A

best under high disturbance and low stress (weeds)
- rapid growth
- large amount of tiny seeds
- short life span (annuals)
- little maintenance and growth of large structures
amaranth

38
Q

stress-tolerant plants

A

high stress and low competition (rock screes, saline marshes)
- slow growth
- physiological stress-tolerance rather than growth
wild tulips: bulb is storage for food and water so they avoid competition and cant allocate E for storage

39
Q

competitive plants

A

low disturbance and high productivity
- grow fast
aspen
- strong competitors

40
Q

E-P-O scheme

A

winemiller and rose
Fish
- equilibrium life history
- periodic life history
- opportunistic life history

PO- fecundity
EP- age of reproductive maturity
EO- juvenile survivorship

41
Q

semi-triangular surface

A

theoretically possible adaptive space due to life history trade-offs

42
Q

O

A

low survival
early maturity
low fecundity
- guppy

43
Q

P

A

low survival
late maturity
high fecundity
- sturgeon

44
Q

E

A

high survival
late maturity
low fecundity
- shark

45
Q

guppy- O

A

enviro variable in space and time
- fast reproduction

46
Q

sturgeon- P

A

seasonal environment: en masse reproduction

47
Q

shark- E

A

stable environment, high competition
- juvenile survival so more E invested so less offspring produced

Bio 208 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions