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LAST CLASS > LEC 4 > Flashcards

LEC 4 Flashcards

1
Q

where is heme synthesized in the cell

A

mitochondria

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2
Q

how many hemes are in a hb molecule

A

4

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3
Q

how many ml of o2 can a hb molecule carry

A

1.34

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4
Q

how many golbin chains are in a hb molecule

A

4

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5
Q

where is heme located in a hb molecule

A

crevice fromed by E and F helices

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6
Q

where do heme and golbin bind in the cell

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

what protein structure is hb

A

quarternary structure (globular)

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8
Q

what is the composition of hb

A

2 alpha and 2 beta chains, 4 hemes, and 4 O2 molecules

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9
Q

what chromosome has the alpha chain gene

A

16

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10
Q

what chromosome has the beta chain gene

A

11

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11
Q

incorporation of ____ into protoporphyrin IX by the enzyme _____

A

Fe 2+; ferrochelatase

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12
Q

what are the types of normal adult hb

A

hb A, hb a2, and hb f

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13
Q

what type of hb: gower -1, gower-2, portland, and hb F

A

intrauterine hb

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14
Q

type of hb: hb F and hb A

A

at birth

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15
Q

type of hb: hb H and bart’s hb

A

abnormal

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16
Q

hb name: alpha 2 beta 2

A

adult (A)

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17
Q

hb name: alpha 2 delta 2

A

adult (A2)

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18
Q

hb name: alpha 2 gamma 2

A

fetal

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19
Q

hb name: zeta 2 gamma 2

A

portland

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20
Q

hb name: zeta 2 epsilon 2

A

gower 1

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21
Q

hb name: alpha 2 epsilon 2

A

gower 2

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22
Q

hb name: beta 4

A

hb h

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23
Q

hb name: gamma 4

A

bart’s

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24
Q

what is the normal Po2

A

around 27 mm Hg

25
Q

when the o2 dissociation curve is shifted to the left there is a _____ O2 affinity

A

higher

26
Q

when the o2 dissociation curve is shifted to the right there is a _____ O2 affinity

A

lower

27
Q

what shift? decreased temp, 2-3 DPG, hydrogen, and CO2

A

left

28
Q

what shift? increased temp, 2-3 DPG, and hydrogen

A

right

29
Q

def? hb oxygen binding affinity is inversely related both to acidity and to the conc of CO2

A

bohr effect

30
Q

in a RBC one HCO3- will be exchanged for one ___ shifted inward

A

Cl-

31
Q

what are the sources for heme iron

A

animal food

32
Q

what kind of iron has more efficient absorption

A

heme iron

32
Q

what are the sources for non-heme iron

A

veggies

33
Q

what substances enhance iron absorption

A

acidic food

34
Q

what substances inhibit iron absorption

A

oxalates, phytates, phosphates, and calcium

35
Q

what enzyme reduces iron so it can enter the intestinal lumen

A

ferrireductase (Dcytb)

36
Q

what transporter transports iron through the luminal mmb to the enterocyte cytoplasm

A

DMT 1

37
Q

what removes iron from heme

A

HO-1

38
Q

what protein transports ferrous iron out of enterocyte and into the blood

A

ferroportin

39
Q

what protein reoxidizes iron

A

hephaestin

40
Q

protein that inhibits ferroportin from transporting iron out of the enterocyte

A

hepcidin

41
Q

what organ detects iron levels

A

liver

42
Q

increase iron in blood = ____ in hepcidin

A

increase

43
Q

what does hepcidin interact with on cells with iron

A

ferroportin

44
Q

once hepcidin and ferroportin bind what happens

A

iron is prevented from leaving the cell

45
Q

protein? bind to and carries Fe3+ to the erythropoietic cells, has two binding sites for iron (binds 2 iron atoms), before iron is bound it is called apotransferrin

A

transferrin

46
Q

Protein: stores ferric iron

A

ferritin

47
Q

once ferric iron binds to ferritin what is it called

A

ferritin

48
Q

protein? degraded form of ferritin and metabolically less
available

A

hemosiderin

49
Q

what lab test is an indicator of available transport iron

A

serum iron

50
Q

what is the reasoning for a fasting serum iron specimen

A

it will be highest in the morning

51
Q

what condition has decreased serum iron

A

iron deficiency anemia

52
Q

what is an indirect indicator of transferrin level

A

total iron binding capacity

53
Q

what lab test is an indicator of iron stores

A

plasma ferritin

54
Q

what conditions will have increased plasma ferritin (makes iron storage result not reliable)

A

acute inflammation/infections

55
Q

what iron lab test is more reliable

A

serum iron

56
Q

serum transferrin receptors will ____ in cases of low serum iron

A

increase

57
Q

if protoporphyrin IX does not bind to iron what can it bind to

A

zinc

LAST CLASS (15 decks)

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