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LAST CLASS > LEC 16 > Flashcards

LEC 16 Flashcards

1
Q

what happens when the BM fails in myelodysplastic syndromes

A

no/little cells are produced

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2
Q

what can myelodysplastic syndromes cause

A

anemia, infection, and bleeding

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3
Q

how many cells lines are affected when the BM fails

A

one or more

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4
Q

what are the Hb and HCT values in aplastic anemia

A

decreased

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5
Q

aplastic anemia: cells values

A

pancytopenia

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6
Q

aplastic anemia: retic count

A

reticulocytopenia

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7
Q

aplastic anemia: how does the BM look

A

hypocellular

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8
Q

aplastic anemia: HSC

A

depleted

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9
Q

most cases of aplastic anemia are _____

A

idiopathic

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10
Q

def? disease that arises spontaneously and has no known cause

A

idiopathic

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11
Q

what causes secondary aplastic anemia

A
  • drugs
  • viruses
  • PNH
  • autoimmune diseases
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12
Q

what kind of aplastic anemia does fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, shwachman-bodian-diamond syndrome cause

A

inherited/congenital

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13
Q

what severity of aplastic anemia BM is hypocyelluar plus meet 2 other criteria

A

medium

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14
Q

what severity of aplastic anemia BM cellularity is less than 25% plus meets 2 other criteria

A

severe or very severe

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15
Q

what severity of aplastic anemia has 0.5 x 10^9/L to 1.5 x 10^9/L neutrophils

A

medium

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16
Q

what severity of aplastic anemia has 0.2 x 10^9/L to 0.5 x 10^9/L neutrophils

A

severe

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17
Q

what severity of aplastic anemia has less than 0.2 x 10^9/L neutrophils

A

very severe

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18
Q

what severity of aplastic anemia has 20 x 10^9/L to 50 x 10^9/L plts

A

medium

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19
Q

what severity of aplastic anemia has less than 20 x 10 ^9/L plt

A

severe or very severe

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20
Q

what severity of aplastic anemia hb less than or equal to 10 x 10^9 g/dL plus retics less than 30 x 10^9/L

A

medium

21
Q

what severity of aplastic anemia hb less than 20 x 10^9/dL or less than 1 % corrected HCT

A

severe or very severe

22
Q

what distinguishes severe aplastic anemia from very severe aplastic anemia

A

neutrophil count

23
Q

what kind of gene mutation does MDS have

A

somatic at HSC level

24
Q

t or F: cells produced in MDS function properly

A

F

25
Q

disease?
- progressive cytopenias in PB
- abnormal cells in each line (dyspoiesis)
- one line is clonealy affected

A

MDS

26
Q

what can MDS develop into

A

AML

27
Q

who is likely to ge4t MDS

A

older

28
Q

def? abnormal erythrocytes

A

dyserythropoiesis

29
Q

disease:
- oval macrocytes
- hypo chromic microcytes
- dimorphic RBC population

A

MDS

30
Q

what causes BM in MDS not to make enough cells

A

ineffective erythropoiesis

31
Q

what will RBC precursors in BM in MDS look like

A
  • more than one nucleus
  • abnormal nucleus shapes
  • uneven cytoplasmic staining
  • ring sideroblast
32
Q

def? abnormal granulocytes

A

dysmyelopoiesis

33
Q

how will granulocytes develop in MDS

A

nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony (cytoplasm less mature)

34
Q

describe the granules in neutrophils in MDS

A

can be granular or hypo granular

35
Q

how many segments do granulocytes in MDS have

A

can be hypo or hyperhsegmented or ringed

36
Q

what other disease does MDS get confused with

A

megaloblastic anemia

37
Q

if neutrophils lose granularity what other cell can they be confused with in flow cytometry.

A

monocytes

38
Q

what WBC has CD 14

A

monocytes

39
Q

what WBC has CD 64

A

granulocytes

40
Q

MDS classification? anemia or infection, or petechiae, less than 1% blasts in PB and less than 5% in BM

A

MDS with single lineage dysplasia

41
Q

MDS classification? more than one lineage is dyspoietic, less than 1% blast in PB and less than 5% in BM

A

MDS with multi lineage dysplasia

42
Q

MDS classification? SF3B1 gene mut, this mutation plus at least 5% ring sideroblast, dimorphic RBC in PBS

A

MDS with ring sideroblast

43
Q

MDS classification? trilineage cytopenia

A

MDS with excess blast

44
Q

MDS classification? trilineage cytopenia, 5-9% blast in BM or 2% to 4% blast in PB

A

MDS with excess blast 1

45
Q

MDS classification? trilineage cytopenia, 10-19% blast in BM or 5% to 19% blast in PB

A

MDS with excess blast 2

46
Q

MDS classification? affects predominantly women and occurring at a median age of 70, anemia without other cytopenias

A

MDS with isolated del(5q)

47
Q

what is the major indication of MDS in the PB and BM

A

dyspoiesis

48
Q

PBS findings of MDS

A
  • oval macrocytes
  • agranular neutrophils
  • circulating micromegakaryocytes
49
Q

a pt has anemia, oval macrocytes, and hypersegmented neutrophils. what test should be ran to ID this disorder

A

vit b12 and folate levels

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