Lab Finial Flashcards
normal % of neutrophils in WBC diff
40-60%
normal % of band neutrophils in WBC diff
0-3%
normal % of lymphocytes in WBC diff
20-40%
normal % of monocytes in WBC diff
2-8%
normal % of eosinophils in WBC diff
1-4%
normal % of basophils in WBC diff
0.5-1%
normal WBC count
4500- 11000
normal plt count
150000 to 450000
diagnosis:
- increased monocytes
monocytosis
monocytosis PBS findings
- increased monocytes
diagnosis:
- increase in band neutrophils/ immature neutrophils
- nRBCs
- increased WBC count
- codocytes
- microcytic
left shift
PBS findings of left shift (5)
- increase in band neutrophils/ immature neutrophils
- nRBCs
- increased WBC count
- codocytes
- microcytic
what are the stages of WBCs from yongest to oldest
- myeloblast
- promyelocyte
- myelocyte
- metamyelocyte
- band
- leukocyte
describe the cytoplasm of myeloblast
diffused
describe the color of myeloblast
basophilic
describe the granules in myeloblast
agranular
t or f: myeloblast will have nucleoli
T
describe the granules in promyelocytes
primary granules present
who has more cytoplasm myeloblast or promyelocytes
promyelocytes
describe the color of promyelocytes
extremely basophilic
describe the granules in myelocytes
secondary granules present
what is the 1st WBC stage that you can see differentiating granules
myelocyte
what WBC stage has a kidney shaped nucleus
metamyelocyte
what WBC stage is proliferation over
metamyelocyte
how can you distinguish between a leukomoid rxn and leukemia
LAP stain
- leukemoid rxn are pos and leukemias are neg
diagnosis:
- increase in eosinophils
asthma attack
asthma attack PBS findings
increase in eosinophils
diagnosis:
- hyposegmentatioon of nucleus in neutrophils
pelger huet anomaly
peger huet anomaly PBS findings
hyposegmentatioon of nucleus in neutrophils
what will the nucleus of a homozygous pelger Huet anomaly
1 lobe
what will the nucleus of a heterozygous pelger Huet anomaly
bilobe
how is pelger huet anomaly inherited
autosomal dominant
what is mutated with pelger huet anomaly
lamin b receptor
In what cell do you see toxic granulation
only neutrophils
diagnosis:
- large, dark granules in all WBCs
- codocytes
- hypochromic
- echinocyte
alder Reilly anomaly
alder Reilly anomaly PBS findings (4)
- large, dark granules in all WBCs
- codocytes
- hypochromic
- echinocyte
how is alder Reilly anomaly inherited
rare autosomal recessive disorder
what causes alder Reilly anomaly
can’t breakdown mucopolysaccharides so they accumulate in lysosomes
can WBCs function properly in alder Reilly anomaly
yes
diagnosis:
- increase WBC count
- could see vacuoles as body responds to pathogen
- pos LAP stain
leukemoid rxn
leukemoid rxn PBS findings (3)
- increase WBC count
- could see vacuoles as body responds to pathogen
- pos LAP stain
diagnosis:
- increase in lymphs (reactive)
infectious mononucleosis
infectious mononucleosis PBS findings (1)
- increase in lymphs (reactive)
what virus causes infectious mononucleosis
Epstein barr virus
diagnosis:
- WBC inclusions (uniform basophilia)
- sepsis
yeast infection
yeast infection PBS findings (2)
- WBC inclusions (uniform basophilia)
- sepsis
what is a frequent yeast species that causes sepsis
Candida albicans
diagnosis:
- WBC inclusions (cresent shaped inclusion)
- sepsis
histoplasmosis
histoplasmosis PBS findings (2)
- WBC inclusions (cresent shaped inclusion)
- sepsis
what organism causes histoplasmosis
histoplasma capsulatum
what area is histoplasma capsulated found
- caves
- bat & bird droppings
what form will histoplasma capsulatum be in the environment
mold
what form will histoplasma capsulatum be in the body
yeast
who is likely to be infected with histoplama capsulatum
immunocompromised pt
diagnosis:
- increase in lymph/immature lymphs
- increased WBC count
- TdT stain pos
- thrombocytopenia
- ALL
ALL PBS findings (4)
- increase in lymph/immature lymphs
- increased WBC count
- TdT stain pos
- thrombocytopenia
who is likely to get ALL
kids
who is likely to get B cell ALL
boys
what kind of ALL do teenagers get
T cell ALL
what subtype of ALL has small blast with thin rim of cytoplasm
L1 (pre-B)
what are the translocations for L1 ALL (3)
- t(12;21)
- t(1;19)
- t(9;22)
what subtype of ALL has wavy clefts in nucleus
L2 (T cell)
what is the translocation of L2 ALL
t (9;22)
what subtype of ALL has vacuolations and affects mostly black kids
L3 (burkett lymphoma)
what is the translocation of L3 ALL
t (8;14)
diagnosis:
- see all stages of WBCs
- 5-19% blast
- BCR-ABL mut
- t (9;22)
CML
CML PBS findings (four)
- see all stages of WBCs
- 5 to 19% blast
- BCR-ABL mut
- t (9;22)
what is it called in CML when you can see all stages of WBCs
rainbow effect
what are the stages of CML
chronic–> accelerated –> blast phase
what can CML turn into if not treated
AML
Diagnosis:
- more than 20% blast
- increased WBC count
- MPO and SBB pos
AML
AML PBS findings:(3)
- more than 20% blast
- increased WBC count
- MPO and SBB pos
what subtype of AML?
- 5% of AMLs
- can’t diff without flow cytometry
M0
what subtype of AML?
- 20% of AMLs
- no maturation
-myeloblast
M1
what subtype of AML?
- 30% of AMLs
- myeloblast with Auer rods and granulation
M2
what subtype of AML?
- 7% of AMLs
- promyelocytes
M3
what subtype of AML?
- myeloid and monoblast increase
M4
what subtype of AML?
- all monoblast
M5
what subtype of AML?
- rbc precursors (pronormoblast)
M6
what subtype of AML?
- megakaryoblast
M7
diagnosis:
- increase in lymphocytes and smudge cells
- thrombocytopenia
- increase WBC count
CLL
CLL PBS findings (3)
- increase in lymphocytes and smudge cells
- thrombocytopenia
- increase WBC count
diagnosis:
- increased lymphocytes with hairy projections
- Howell-jolly bodies
hairy cell leukemia
hairy cell leukemia PBS findings (2)
- increased lymphocytes with hairy projections
- Howell-jolly bodies
diagnosis:
- increase in promyelocytes
- promyelocytes can be hyper or hypo granular
- increased WBC count
- greater than 20% blast in BM
acute promyelocytic leukemia
acute promyelocytic leukemia PBS findings (4)
- increase in promyelocytes
- promyelocytes can be hyper or hypo granular
- increased WBC count
- greater than 20% blast in BM
what mutation inhibits promyelocyte development (APL)
RARA
diagnosis:
- myeloid and mono blast increase
- increased WBC count
- greater than 20% blast in BM
acute myeloid leukemia (M4)
acute myeloid leukemia (M4) PBS findings (3)
- myeloid and mono blast increase
- increased WBC count
- greater than 20% blast in BM
how is chediak higashi inherited
autosomal recessive
what gene is mutated in a chediak higashi syndrome
lyst-1
what is the function of lyst-1 gene
trafficking of lysozomes
t or F: people with chediak higashi syndrome are usually albinos
T
diagnosis:
- big granules in all WBCs
- thrombocytopenia/plt clumps
- codocytes
chediak higashi syndrome
chediak higashi syndrome PBS findings (3)
- big granules in all WBCs
- thrombocytopenia/ plt clumps
- codocytes
can WBC function properly in chediak higashi syndrome
no
how long do people live with chediak higashi syndrome
die very young
plasma cell lymphoma PBS findings? (3)
- rouleaux
- plasma cells
- anemia
disease?
- rouleaux
- plasma cells
- anemia
plasma cell lymphoma
what is the most severe form of plasma cell lymphoma
multiple myeloma
disease?
- flower/folded shaped nucleus in T cells
T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) PBS findings (1)
- flower/folded shaped nucleus in T cells
