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LAST CLASS > Lab Finial > Flashcards

Lab Finial Flashcards

1
Q

normal % of neutrophils in WBC diff

A

40-60%

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2
Q

normal % of band neutrophils in WBC diff

A

0-3%

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3
Q

normal % of lymphocytes in WBC diff

A

20-40%

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4
Q

normal % of monocytes in WBC diff

A

2-8%

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5
Q

normal % of eosinophils in WBC diff

A

1-4%

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6
Q

normal % of basophils in WBC diff

A

0.5-1%

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7
Q

normal WBC count

A

4500- 11000

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8
Q

normal plt count

A

150000 to 450000

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9
Q

diagnosis:
- increased monocytes

A

monocytosis

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10
Q

monocytosis PBS findings

A
  • increased monocytes
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11
Q

diagnosis:
- increase in band neutrophils/ immature neutrophils
- nRBCs
- increased WBC count
- codocytes
- microcytic

A

left shift

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12
Q

PBS findings of left shift (5)

A
  • increase in band neutrophils/ immature neutrophils
  • nRBCs
  • increased WBC count
  • codocytes
  • microcytic
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13
Q

what are the stages of WBCs from yongest to oldest

A
  1. myeloblast
  2. promyelocyte
  3. myelocyte
  4. metamyelocyte
  5. band
  6. leukocyte
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14
Q

describe the cytoplasm of myeloblast

A

diffused

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15
Q

describe the color of myeloblast

A

basophilic

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16
Q

describe the granules in myeloblast

A

agranular

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17
Q

t or f: myeloblast will have nucleoli

A

T

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18
Q

describe the granules in promyelocytes

A

primary granules present

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19
Q

who has more cytoplasm myeloblast or promyelocytes

A

promyelocytes

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20
Q

describe the color of promyelocytes

A

extremely basophilic

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21
Q

describe the granules in myelocytes

A

secondary granules present

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22
Q

what is the 1st WBC stage that you can see differentiating granules

A

myelocyte

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23
Q

what WBC stage has a kidney shaped nucleus

A

metamyelocyte

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24
Q

what WBC stage is proliferation over

A

metamyelocyte

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25
Q

how can you distinguish between a leukomoid rxn and leukemia

A

LAP stain
- leukemoid rxn are pos and leukemias are neg

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26
Q

diagnosis:
- increase in eosinophils

A

asthma attack

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27
Q

asthma attack PBS findings

A

increase in eosinophils

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28
Q

diagnosis:
- hyposegmentatioon of nucleus in neutrophils

A

pelger huet anomaly

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29
Q

peger huet anomaly PBS findings

A

hyposegmentatioon of nucleus in neutrophils

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30
Q

what will the nucleus of a homozygous pelger Huet anomaly

A

1 lobe

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31
Q

what will the nucleus of a heterozygous pelger Huet anomaly

A

bilobe

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32
Q

how is pelger huet anomaly inherited

A

autosomal dominant

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33
Q

what is mutated with pelger huet anomaly

A

lamin b receptor

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34
Q

In what cell do you see toxic granulation

A

only neutrophils

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35
Q

diagnosis:
- large, dark granules in all WBCs
- codocytes
- hypochromic
- echinocyte

A

alder Reilly anomaly

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36
Q

alder Reilly anomaly PBS findings (4)

A
  • large, dark granules in all WBCs
  • codocytes
  • hypochromic
  • echinocyte
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37
Q

how is alder Reilly anomaly inherited

A

rare autosomal recessive disorder

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38
Q

what causes alder Reilly anomaly

A

can’t breakdown mucopolysaccharides so they accumulate in lysosomes

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39
Q

can WBCs function properly in alder Reilly anomaly

A

yes

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40
Q

diagnosis:
- increase WBC count
- could see vacuoles as body responds to pathogen
- pos LAP stain

A

leukemoid rxn

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41
Q

leukemoid rxn PBS findings (3)

A
  • increase WBC count
  • could see vacuoles as body responds to pathogen
  • pos LAP stain
42
Q

diagnosis:
- increase in lymphs (reactive)

A

infectious mononucleosis

43
Q

infectious mononucleosis PBS findings (1)

A
  • increase in lymphs (reactive)
44
Q

what virus causes infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein barr virus

45
Q

diagnosis:
- WBC inclusions (uniform basophilia)
- sepsis

A

yeast infection

46
Q

yeast infection PBS findings (2)

A
  • WBC inclusions (uniform basophilia)
  • sepsis
47
Q

what is a frequent yeast species that causes sepsis

A

Candida albicans

48
Q

diagnosis:
- WBC inclusions (cresent shaped inclusion)
- sepsis

A

histoplasmosis

49
Q

histoplasmosis PBS findings (2)

A
  • WBC inclusions (cresent shaped inclusion)
  • sepsis
50
Q

what organism causes histoplasmosis

A

histoplasma capsulatum

51
Q

what area is histoplasma capsulated found

A
  • caves
  • bat & bird droppings
52
Q

what form will histoplasma capsulatum be in the environment

A

mold

53
Q

what form will histoplasma capsulatum be in the body

A

yeast

54
Q

who is likely to be infected with histoplama capsulatum

A

immunocompromised pt

55
Q

diagnosis:
- increase in lymph/immature lymphs
- increased WBC count
- TdT stain pos
- thrombocytopenia

A
  • ALL
56
Q

ALL PBS findings (4)

A
  • increase in lymph/immature lymphs
  • increased WBC count
  • TdT stain pos
  • thrombocytopenia
57
Q

who is likely to get ALL

A

kids

58
Q

who is likely to get B cell ALL

A

boys

59
Q

what kind of ALL do teenagers get

A

T cell ALL

60
Q

what subtype of ALL has small blast with thin rim of cytoplasm

A

L1 (pre-B)

61
Q

what are the translocations for L1 ALL (3)

A
  • t(12;21)
  • t(1;19)
  • t(9;22)
62
Q

what subtype of ALL has wavy clefts in nucleus

A

L2 (T cell)

63
Q

what is the translocation of L2 ALL

A

t (9;22)

64
Q

what subtype of ALL has vacuolations and affects mostly black kids

A

L3 (burkett lymphoma)

65
Q

what is the translocation of L3 ALL

A

t (8;14)

66
Q

diagnosis:
- see all stages of WBCs
- 5-19% blast
- BCR-ABL mut
- t (9;22)

A

CML

67
Q

CML PBS findings (four)

A
  • see all stages of WBCs
  • 5 to 19% blast
  • BCR-ABL mut
  • t (9;22)
68
Q

what is it called in CML when you can see all stages of WBCs

A

rainbow effect

69
Q

what are the stages of CML

A

chronic–> accelerated –> blast phase

70
Q

what can CML turn into if not treated

A

AML

71
Q

Diagnosis:
- more than 20% blast
- increased WBC count
- MPO and SBB pos

A

AML

72
Q

AML PBS findings:(3)

A
  • more than 20% blast
  • increased WBC count
  • MPO and SBB pos
73
Q

what subtype of AML?
- 5% of AMLs
- can’t diff without flow cytometry

A

M0

74
Q

what subtype of AML?
- 20% of AMLs
- no maturation
-myeloblast

A

M1

75
Q

what subtype of AML?
- 30% of AMLs
- myeloblast with Auer rods and granulation

A

M2

76
Q

what subtype of AML?
- 7% of AMLs
- promyelocytes

A

M3

77
Q

what subtype of AML?
- myeloid and monoblast increase

A

M4

78
Q

what subtype of AML?
- all monoblast

A

M5

79
Q

what subtype of AML?
- rbc precursors (pronormoblast)

A

M6

80
Q

what subtype of AML?
- megakaryoblast

A

M7

81
Q

diagnosis:
- increase in lymphocytes and smudge cells
- thrombocytopenia
- increase WBC count

A

CLL

82
Q

CLL PBS findings (3)

A
  • increase in lymphocytes and smudge cells
  • thrombocytopenia
  • increase WBC count
83
Q

diagnosis:
- increased lymphocytes with hairy projections
- Howell-jolly bodies

A

hairy cell leukemia

84
Q

hairy cell leukemia PBS findings (2)

A
  • increased lymphocytes with hairy projections
  • Howell-jolly bodies
85
Q

diagnosis:
- increase in promyelocytes
- promyelocytes can be hyper or hypo granular
- increased WBC count
- greater than 20% blast in BM

A

acute promyelocytic leukemia

86
Q

acute promyelocytic leukemia PBS findings (4)

A
  • increase in promyelocytes
  • promyelocytes can be hyper or hypo granular
  • increased WBC count
  • greater than 20% blast in BM
87
Q

what mutation inhibits promyelocyte development (APL)

A

RARA

88
Q

diagnosis:
- myeloid and mono blast increase
- increased WBC count
- greater than 20% blast in BM

A

acute myeloid leukemia (M4)

89
Q

acute myeloid leukemia (M4) PBS findings (3)

A
  • myeloid and mono blast increase
  • increased WBC count
  • greater than 20% blast in BM
90
Q

how is chediak higashi inherited

A

autosomal recessive

91
Q

what gene is mutated in a chediak higashi syndrome

A

lyst-1

92
Q

what is the function of lyst-1 gene

A

trafficking of lysozomes

93
Q

t or F: people with chediak higashi syndrome are usually albinos

A

T

94
Q

diagnosis:
- big granules in all WBCs
- thrombocytopenia/plt clumps
- codocytes

A

chediak higashi syndrome

95
Q

chediak higashi syndrome PBS findings (3)

A
  • big granules in all WBCs
  • thrombocytopenia/ plt clumps
  • codocytes
96
Q

can WBC function properly in chediak higashi syndrome

A

no

97
Q

how long do people live with chediak higashi syndrome

A

die very young

98
Q

plasma cell lymphoma PBS findings? (3)

A
  • rouleaux
  • plasma cells
  • anemia
99
Q

disease?
- rouleaux
- plasma cells
- anemia

A

plasma cell lymphoma

100
Q

what is the most severe form of plasma cell lymphoma

A

multiple myeloma

101
Q

disease?
- flower/folded shaped nucleus in T cells

A

T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

102
Q

T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) PBS findings (1)

A
  • flower/folded shaped nucleus in T cells

LAST CLASS (15 decks)

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