LEC 12 - Transformative Nature of Collective Violence Flashcards
What are the Effects
of Collective Violence
on Victims
Trauma
- Direct victims
- Indirect victims
**Specific features of collective violence
**-
- Community breakdown
- Victim identities
- 2 consequences.
What is Collective Victimisation
*“Multiple people having substantially similar victimisation
experiences. “
*Coping!
*Having some framework to understand victimisation
*A community of people with similar experiences
*Group process
What is Collective Victimhood?
The group is victimised
Impact on all those who are psychologically commited to that group, direct and indirect
Positve effects
Inclusive victimhood (no one is free until we are all free MLK)
Harmful Effects
- Cycle of violence
- Contribution to retaliation -> violence -> perpetration
- Reminder of previous victimhood, reduced guilt for perpetration
Violence is aversive, but why does cv lead to more participation in violence?
▸Return to Littman &
Paluck
(2015)
▸Violence is aversive
▸Still, participation in CV leads to more
participation in the future…
▸WHY?
▸Because violence changes people
▸CV is transformative
How does the violence feedback loop work?
How does the violence feedback loop work in relation to Practice
▸Violence needs practice (see L4)
Indirectly
▸Rituals (see Abbink &
Aijmer, 2000)
▸Games
Directly!
▸previous violence makes subsequent
violence easier
▸as described in McDoom (202
How does the violence feedback loop work in relation to Bonding?
▸How strong social bonds lead to CV
▸How CV leads to strong social bonds
▸”Forced recruits” in the study by Cohen (2017)
▸Don’t want to be there to begin with
▸Force them into committing serious
violence
▸Strong commitment to the group.
▸Individual connections within the group
▸Suggestion that this is part of the function of
violence
▸Not just “side effect
Research:
Quantitative
(Partially) open access data
▸Survey of 224 ex-combatants from DR
Congo through World Bank
▸Total 5 groups
▸Child soldiers
▸Interviews with 95 ex-combatants
Many had experience with sexual assault
▸
As perpetrators (11%)
▸
As victims (12%)
▸
As witnesses (59%)
▸
Groups where fighters were coerced into
joining were more likely to perpetrate SX
violence (r=.35
How does the violence feedback loop work in relation to Ideology?
IDEOLOGY
▸Ideology facilitates CV
▸CV shapes ideology
▸Significance quest and meaning making
▸Ideology changes after CV
▸Strong justification needed to deal with such
extreme act.
▸Aversion; Negativity; Trauma associated with
Collective violence
▸Key trigger of the
strength of the justification
response
How does the violence feedback loop work in relation to Radicalisation?
Does Radicalisation facilitate violence?
Does Violence facilitate radicalisation
- Exposure to CV aso produces radicalisation
- Violence and radicalisation feed of each other
What is the relation between violence and dehumanisation feedback loop
Violence increases tendencies to
dehumanise others
▸
AFTER being told someone was
violently treated
–
increased
tendencies to dehumanis
What is collective guilt
Collective Guilt
–
guilt that people feel on behalf of their group
▸
Even if they were not involved personally
▸
E.g. White European students, thinking about the colonial past
▸
FINDINGS:
▸
People felt guilt ONLY if they were offered a reasonable option to
address that guilt
▸
People felt LESS guilty if they were not offered a way to resolve that
guilt
People have various strategies to avoid collective guilt
(Wohl et al., 2010)
▸
Dehumanisation is one of them (Castano &
Giner
-
Sorolla
, 20
What is the self-dehumanisation
▸
Bastian et al 2012 =
Self-dehumanisation
▸
Findings:
▸
After playing the violent game, higher scores on self-dehum
▸
Interpretation
1.
Dehumanisation not necessarily ”intended” to facilitate violence
2.
A more general idea that violence and “humanness” are opposed?
