AI Flashcards Lecture 12
What are the effects of collective violence on victims?
Collective violence can cause trauma in both direct and indirect victims. Specific features of collective violence include community breakdown and the formation of victim identities. These can have consequences for individuals and communities.
What is collective victimisation?
Collective victimisation is when multiple people experience substantially similar victimisation. Coping mechanisms include having a framework to understand victimisation and finding a community of people with similar experiences.
What is collective victimhood?
Collective victimhood occurs when a group is victimised, impacting all those psychologically committed to that group. This can have both positive and negative effects.
Why do people continue to participate in collective violence despite it being aversive?
While violence is generally aversive, people may continue to participate in collective violence because it can be transformative. Collective violence can increase group commitment and reduce aversion to violence.
How does practice contribute to the cycle of violence?
Violence needs practice, both indirectly through rituals and games, and directly through previous acts of violence. This makes subsequent violence easier.
How does bonding contribute to the cycle of violence?
Strong social bonds can lead to collective violence, and collective violence, in turn, can lead to strong social bonds. This can be seen in cases of forced recruitment.
What is the role of ideology in the cycle of violence?
Ideology can facilitate collective violence, and collective violence can shape ideology. This can involve a significance quest and meaning-making.
How does radicalisation contribute to the cycle of violence?
Radicalisation can facilitate violence, and violence can facilitate radicalisation. This can lead to attitude polarisation and strong emotional reactions.
How does dehumanisation contribute to the cycle of violence?
Dehumanisation can serve as a post-hoc justification for violence. After being told someone was violently treated, there is an increased tendency to dehumanise them.
What is collective guilt and how does it relate to the cycle of violence?
Collective guilt is the guilt that people feel on behalf of their group, even if they were not personally involved. People may use strategies to avoid collective guilt, including dehumanisation.
What is self-dehumanisation and how does it relate to violence?
Self-dehumanisation occurs when individuals see themselves as less human, for example, after playing violent video games.
How can the cycle of violence be broken?
Breaking the cycle of violence requires addressing the needs of both victims and perpetrators. Victims need to recover control and power, while perpetrators need to regain a socially acceptable position.
What is the role of intergroup contact in breaking the cycle of violence?
Positive contact with members of the other group is one of the most effective mechanisms for reducing hostility and intergroup conflict.
What are the required conditions for intergroup contact to be beneficial?
For intergroup contact to be beneficial, it should be structured, supervised, and involve individuals who are roughly matched in terms of age and other factors.
What are the limitations of intergroup contact?
Intergroup contact can be difficult to implement on a large scale, and there are concerns about whether it can address systemic inequalities.
