Leadership in Sports

Question 1

Psychological Outcomes of Leadership

Answer 1

The impact of Leader behaviours on an athlete

Question 2

Behaviour & Performance in leadership

impact of leadership

Answer 2

Impact of the Athletes Psychology on their behaviours

Time spent doing extra training

Effort invested in training

Performance during competition

Sacrifices made for sport

Question 3

Leadership (Northhouse, 2001, p.3)

Answer 3

“the process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal”

Question 4

Problems with the defintion of Leadership

Answer 4

Is hard to define as a result of it possibly being as a result of it being influence or because of the power

Fails to define good leaders and bad leaders

Is based on the theory that suits someones argument

Question 5

Good leaders are

Answer 5

A good listener

Good execution of ideas

Good leadership

Question 6

Bad Leader

Answer 6

Authoritative

good ideas but poor execution

Leadership is bad

Question 7

Emergent Leaders

Answer 7

Come from the group itself as a result of skill/ability

Could be nominated from the team

All the Athletes will have worked with them

Question 8

Prescribed leader

Answer 8

Appointed by governing bodies such as coaches

Question 9

Autocratic/Task Oriented Leadership

Answer 9

Is authoritative

focused on results

Doesn’t look at external advice or what the athletes need

Is good at making quick decisions

Question 10

Democratic/Social Oriented Leadership

socialable leader

Answer 10

Want to hear from the athletes based on the decision

Activity encourages group involvement

Adopts a more informal/relaxed approach

The leader does make the final decision
athletes do get to put input in

Takes a while to make decisions

Athletes can work on their own when away from the coach

Question 11

Laissez-faire Leadership

Answer 11

The leader stands aside & allows the group to make their decision

Group members get on with a given thing

May help out mebers but not offer directions

Group members tends to be aggressive towards each other when things went wrong and give up easy

Question 12

Trait Approach to Leadership

Answer 12

Athletes are born as successful leader

Question 13

Behavioural Approach to Leadership

Answer 13

Leaders are made and taught

Question 14

Internationalist Theory to Leadership

Answer 14

Considers other factors that could affect the effectiveness of leadership mainly the interaction between people

Question 15

Relationship centered leaders

Answer 15

Focused on developing relationships with the people in the group

Work hard to maintain communication with members

Helps maintain levels of social interaction between members and themselves
Develop respect

Question 16

Task Oriented Leaders

Answer 16

Creates the plans

Decides on priorities of the athletes

Assign members to the task

A forward or the back

Ensures the mebers stay on tasks

Tends be more effective with less experienced athletes

Question 17

Social learning Theory to Leadership

Answer 17

Suggests people learn to be good leaders by observing behaviours of other good leaders in a variety of situations.

reproducing those behaviours in similar situations and then continuing them should they be reinforced.

Question 18

Problem with the types of leader theories

context of sport and characteristics

Answer 18

Despite appeal of situational theories and other interactional approaches to the study of leadership, when sport specific research emerged, the results provided minimal support to theories derived from outside sport contexts (Horn, 2002).

Some theorists suggested main problem with attempting to transpose general theories of leadership to sports settings is the failure to consider the unique characteristics of sports teams (Chelladurai & Carron, 1978; Terry & Howe, 1984).

Question 19

The need for the
Task Oriented Leaders
or
Relationship Centred Leaders

Answer 19

People can change from a relationship-oriented style to a task oriented style and vice versa, depending on the situation

Question 20

Multidimensional Model of Leadership
Chelladurai (1978, 1990, 1993)

Answer 20

Conceptual framework allowing leadership effectiveness be studied in sports domain.

Effective leadership is dynamic & based on complex series of interactions between leader, group members and situation

Behaviour doe not occur in a vacuum and happens in different scenarious

Question 21

Leader Behaviours: Actual

Answer 21

What a leader does in a situation based on experience

Question 22

Leader Behaviours: Preferred

Answer 22

Behaviour that followers would like to see in the leader

Question 23

Leader Behaviours: Required

Answer 23

Behaviour required by a situation or taste

Question 24

Antecedents: Situational Characteristics

what situations can happen within sports

Answer 24

Opposition strengths
Task difficulty
Group size
Nature of Activity
Available time

Question 25

Antecedents: Leader Characteristics

Answer 25

What skills do they have
What qualifications do they have
What is their personality
What experience do they hav

Question 26

Antecedents: Member/Athlete Characteristics

Answer 26

Athletes Age
Athletes Gender
Athletes Personality
Athletes Motivation
Athletes Competence
Athletes Experience

Question 27

Transactional Leadership (Beauchamp, 2014)

plus ultra

Answer 27

Takes place when leaders go beyond their own self-interests and inspire, encourage, and stimulate others to exceed minimally expected standards” (Beauchamp, 2014)

Question 28

Transactional Leadership

Answer 28

Involves a series of exhanges or transactions between the leader & follower

Encourages followers to meet previously agreed upon standards

Question 29

How does Transactional Improve motivation

why is going above good

Answer 29

Being a role model for followers that inspires them and makes them interested

Connection the followers sense of identity

Challenging followers to take greater owenership for their work

Understanding the followers strengths and weakness

Question 30

Impact of Transformational Leadership
Tri-angle

Answer 30

Transformational leadership improves Intrisict motivation and Sports Performance

It also improves Group Cohesion & Comunication

Question 31

Issues of transformational Research

correlation, varriable, identity

Answer 31

Reliance on Correlation data

Overemphasis of theory on leadership process at the dyadic level and doesnt understand team cohesion

Insufficient specification of situational variables in Transformational leadership

Theory does not explicitly identify any situation where transformational leadership is detrimental.

Question 32

Meta Cognitive model of vision support & challenge
(coach & consequence)

Answer 32

Makes a distinction between what the coach does (i.e. coach behaviours) and the consequences of these coach behaviours (i.e. an athlete’s meta-cognitions) in the same model.

Question 33

Meta Cognitive model of vision support & challenge: Vision

inspire, role model, group

Answer 33

Inspirational motivation

Developing & articulating positive vision of the future
Inspiring others to achieve that vision
Expressing belief in others that they can achieve this

Appropriated role modelling
Behaviour by leader that sets example for others to follow (consistent with values that leader/organisation supports

Fosters accepntance of group goals

Behaviour by leader aimed at promoting cooperation among followers
Getting them to work together towards common goal
Developing teamwork

Question 34

Meta Cognitive model of vision support & challenge Support

Meta = leadership

Answer 34

Individual consideration
Recognise individual differences
Demonstrate concern for development of

Contingent Rewards
Positive reinforcement for appropriate follower

Question 35

Meta Cognitive model of vision support & challenge: Challenges

high and environment

Answer 35

High performance expectations
Behaviours by leader that demonstrated his/her expectation for excellence in followers

Intellectual Stimulation
Create an environment that nurtures creative and proactive innovative thinking

Question 36

Single Leader Assumption

Answer 36

Leadership is a single-handed, heroic
performance that is the property of the indiviadual

Leadership is socially - constructed with followers in context

An athlete can change coaches BUT the more skilled they are the harder it is to possibly change coaches
Coaches cant work with everyone