Lab 3: Reading

Question 1

Purpose of Antropetry

Answer 1

The objective of this practical session is for you to gain familiarity with several methods for assessing body composition and to obtain hands-on experience with some of these techniques.

You will be measuring the ones highlighted. Methods of assessing body composition can be divided into the following categories:

Anthropometric methods: body max index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip circumference, skinfold measurements
Densitometry: hydrostatic (underwater) weighing, plethysmography (air displacement)
Other techniques: bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual energy xray absorptiometry (DEXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 2

How do you Skinfold Measurements for

Female Sites

Where do you do it

Answer 2

Triceps, Biceps, Sub-scapular, SUPRAIILIAC/ ILIAC CREST, Abdominal Thighs

Question 3

How do you Skinfold Measurements for

Male Sites

Where do you do it

Answer 3

Triceps, Biceps, Sub-scapular, SUPRAIILIAC/ ILIAC CREST, Abdominal Thighs, Chest

Question 4

Pros and Cons of Skinfold Measurements

Answer 4

Pros:
Quick to do
Can be done anywhere
Inexpensive

Cons:
Not fully accruate
Inasice
Accuracy depends on the operatior

Question 5

Bio-impedence

Answer 5

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a body composition assessment technique which is based on the estimation of total body water.

Body water content is determined by passing a small electrical current through the body and determining the resistance to the electrical charge.

Fat-free mass is more hydrated than fat mass and bone so that there is less resistance to electrical flow in a leaner individual.

Question 6

What are the Proceedures for

Bio Impedance

Answer 6

Wipe hand plates and foot plates with disinfectant wipe

Remove excess clothing, shoes, socks and anything from pockets

Measure height (cm) using stadiometer

Question 7

What are the Pros and Cons of

Bio-impedence

Answer 7

Pros:
Non-invasive
Quick

Cons
Can be affected by hydration and meals consumed before
cant be done after a workout

Question 8

BMR
Basal Metabolic Rate

energy to maintai

Answer 8

represents the total energy expended by the body to maintain normal functions at rest such as respiration and circulation.

Question 9

Fat%

Answer 9

The percentage of total body mass made up of fat

Question 10

Fat mass (kg)

Answer 10

Total weight of fat mass in the body

Question 11

FFM (kg)
Fat Free Mass

Answer 11

Comprised of bone, tissue, water and all other types of fat free mass in the body

Question 12

TBW
Total Body Water

Answer 12

Amount of water retained in the body. Generally, men higher water content than women due to greater amount of muscle.

Question 13

Impedence (Ω)

Answer 13

Impedance reflects the body’s inherent resistance to an electrical current. Muscle acts as a conductor of the electrical resistance, adipose tissue acts as a resistor.

Question 14

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI

Answer 14

a non-invasive imaging technique that is used within research and clinical practice to examine many anatomical and physiological factors.

Question 15

Pros and Cons of

MRI

Answer 15

Pros:
Highly accurate and detailed
non invasive
Procides detailed images of the physiology

Cons
Very expensive
Requires people with pacemakers to take them out
cant be done if the person is too big for the.machine or has a metal replacement

Question 16

Densitometry

Answer 16

Measurement precision hinges up on accurate body volume assessment as body mass is easily measured.

Question 17

Pros and Cons of

Densitometry

Answer 17

Pros:
Accurate for overall density
Non-invasive

Cons:
Does not provide regional composition data
very broad

Question 18

Hydrodensitomety

Answer 18

Body volume can be measured by weighing subjects under water

Question 19

Pros and Cons

Hydrodensitomety

Answer 19

Pros:
Very accurate for body fat percentage
Gold standard

Cons:
Can only be done in a lab session
Not suitable for everyone (e.g., claustrophobic individuals)

Question 20

plethysmography

Answer 20

Body volume can be measured by air displacement

Question 21

Pros and Cons

plethysmography

Answer 21

Pros:
Non-invasive
Quick

Cons:
Expensive equipment
Sensitive to movements

Question 22

BMI Index

What is its equation

Answer 22

Body mass index is used to assess body mass relative to height
Body Mass/Height

Question 23

Waist Circumference

Answer 23

Waist circumference is a simple method for assessing the amount of fat stored around the abdomen.

Waist circumference is typically taken as a horizontal measure at the narrowest part of the torso (above the umbilicus (belly button) and below the xiphoid process bottom of ribs))

Question 24

Pros and Cons for

BMI Index/Waist Circumfernce

Answer 24

Pros:
Simple to measure
Good for large population studies

Cons:
Does not measure body composition directly

Question 25

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiomerty (DEXA)

Answer 25

a body composition assessment technique wherein the attenuation of two low-energy x-ray beams is measured whilst an individual lies supine on a flat surface.

During the procedure the x-ray beams scan the length of the body over approximately 12 minutes and computer software reconstructs the attenuated x-ray beams

Question 26

Pros and Cons for

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiomerty (DEXA)

Answer 26

Cons:
Expensive
Low radiation exposure

Pros
Highly accurate
Provides detailed body composition