Lab 3: Reading Flashcards
Purpose of Antropetry
The objective of this practical session is for you to gain familiarity with several methods for assessing body composition and to obtain hands-on experience with some of these techniques.
You will be measuring the ones highlighted. Methods of assessing body composition can be divided into the following categories:
Anthropometric methods: body max index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip circumference, skinfold measurements
Densitometry: hydrostatic (underwater) weighing, plethysmography (air displacement)
Other techniques: bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual energy xray absorptiometry (DEXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
How do you Skinfold Measurements for
Female Sites
Where do you do it
Triceps, Biceps, Sub-scapular, SUPRAIILIAC/ ILIAC CREST, Abdominal Thighs
How do you Skinfold Measurements for
Male Sites
Where do you do it
Triceps, Biceps, Sub-scapular, SUPRAIILIAC/ ILIAC CREST, Abdominal Thighs, Chest
Pros and Cons of Skinfold Measurements
Pros:
Quick to do
Can be done anywhere
Inexpensive
Cons:
Not fully accruate
Inasice
Accuracy depends on the operatior
Bio-impedence
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a body composition assessment technique which is based on the estimation of total body water.
Body water content is determined by passing a small electrical current through the body and determining the resistance to the electrical charge.
Fat-free mass is more hydrated than fat mass and bone so that there is less resistance to electrical flow in a leaner individual.
What are the Proceedures for
Bio Impedance
Wipe hand plates and foot plates with disinfectant wipe
Remove excess clothing, shoes, socks and anything from pockets
Measure height (cm) using stadiometer
What are the Pros and Cons of
Bio-impedence
Pros:
Non-invasive
Quick
Cons
Can be affected by hydration and meals consumed before
cant be done after a workout
BMR
Basal Metabolic Rate
energy to maintai
represents the total energy expended by the body to maintain normal functions at rest such as respiration and circulation.
Fat%
The percentage of total body mass made up of fat
Fat mass (kg)
Total weight of fat mass in the body
FFM (kg)
Fat Free Mass
Comprised of bone, tissue, water and all other types of fat free mass in the body
TBW
Total Body Water
Amount of water retained in the body. Generally, men higher water content than women due to greater amount of muscle.
Impedence (Ω)
Impedance reflects the body’s inherent resistance to an electrical current. Muscle acts as a conductor of the electrical resistance, adipose tissue acts as a resistor.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI
a non-invasive imaging technique that is used within research and clinical practice to examine many anatomical and physiological factors.
Pros and Cons of
MRI
Pros:
Highly accurate and detailed
non invasive
Procides detailed images of the physiology
Cons
Very expensive
Requires people with pacemakers to take them out
cant be done if the person is too big for the.machine or has a metal replacement
Densitometry
Measurement precision hinges up on accurate body volume assessment as body mass is easily measured.
Pros and Cons of
Densitometry
Pros:
Accurate for overall density
Non-invasive
Cons:
Does not provide regional composition data
very broad
Hydrodensitomety
Body volume can be measured by weighing subjects under water
Pros and Cons
Hydrodensitomety
Pros:
Very accurate for body fat percentage
Gold standard
Cons:
Can only be done in a lab session
Not suitable for everyone (e.g., claustrophobic individuals)
plethysmography
Body volume can be measured by air displacement
Pros and Cons
plethysmography
Pros:
Non-invasive
Quick
Cons:
Expensive equipment
Sensitive to movements
BMI Index
What is its equation
Body mass index is used to assess body mass relative to height
Body Mass/Height
Waist Circumference
Waist circumference is a simple method for assessing the amount of fat stored around the abdomen.
Waist circumference is typically taken as a horizontal measure at the narrowest part of the torso (above the umbilicus (belly button) and below the xiphoid process bottom of ribs))
Pros and Cons for
BMI Index/Waist Circumfernce
Pros:
Simple to measure
Good for large population studies
Cons:
Does not measure body composition directly
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiomerty (DEXA)
a body composition assessment technique wherein the attenuation of two low-energy x-ray beams is measured whilst an individual lies supine on a flat surface.
During the procedure the x-ray beams scan the length of the body over approximately 12 minutes and computer software reconstructs the attenuated x-ray beams
Pros and Cons for
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiomerty (DEXA)
Cons:
Expensive
Low radiation exposure
Pros
Highly accurate
Provides detailed body composition
