Cardiovascular Fitness

Question 1

Determinants of Endurance Performance

POSH MAMT

speed, blood, heart, muscles

Answer 1

Pacing
Oxidative enzyme activity
Stroke volume
Haemoglobin
mass
Muscle capillary density
Maximal heart rate
% type I
muscle fibres
Anthropometry and elasticity

Question 2

Fick Equation

VO2

Answer 2

VO2 = Cardac Output * AV O2 Differemnce

Question 3

Cardiac Output Equation

Answer 3

Heart rate = HR * SV

Question 4

Cardiac Output

Answer 4

Amount of bloood pumped by the heart each minute

Question 5

a-vO2 Difference

what does it represent

Answer 5

Calculated as the difference between the
O2 content of arterial and venous blood.

Represents the amount of 02 extracted from the blood for delivery to working muscles.

Question 6

Frank Starling Mechanism

movement

Answer 6

An enhanced vernous return as a result of limb movement

Question 7

Vasodialation

Answer 7

The relaxtion of blood vessels to allow more blood flow toward the muscles

Increase in the size of the lumen (vessels)

Question 8

Vasoconstriction

Answer 8

Blood vessels constrict in less important areas

Question 9

Chronic adpatations to endurance training

Answer 9

Lower Heart Rate, Greater Stroke Volume, Artery Function, Heart adaptations and more

Question 10

Chronic adpatations to endurance training: Lower Heart rate

Answer 10

Lower resting HR = higher parasypmathetic tone and myocardial contractility

Lower HR during exercise during exercise at a given intensity

Can last longer

Question 11

Chronic adpatations to endurance training: Greater Stroke Volume

Answer 11

Increase in venous return

Increase diastolic filling

,pre blood ejaculted per beat

Allows for a lower resting HR

Question 12

Chronic adpatations to endurance training: Heart Adaptations

Answer 12

Left ventricle is bigger

Increased endiastoic filling

Can fil faster per contraction

Greaater contaction strength

Question 13

Chronic adpatations to endurance training: Artery Funvtion

Answer 13

Greater artery size and thickness

Newbies might already have fubctuional differences but verterans tend to have more of these

Question 14

How to conduct flow mediated dialation

Place, Measure, Inflate, release, measure

what are you measuring

Answer 14

1. Place ultrasound probe at brachial artery
2. Measure baseline brachial artery diameter
3. Inflate cuff (~5
   min), reducing blood flow
4. Release cuff restoring flow
5. Measure brachial artery diameter after endothelium releases vasodilators

Question 15

Chronic adpatations to endurance training: Other

think about the heart

Answer 15

Increase haemoglibn mass

Greater lactate tolerance and muscle buffering capacity

Increased musce capillary density

Increased oxidative enzyme activity and mitochondria density

Question 16

Heart Rate Zones

Answer 16

(Moderate)
Zone 1: Recovery

Zone 2: Endurance

Heavy

Zone 3: Threshold

Severe - Extreme

Zone 4: VO2 Max

Zone 5: Anaerobic

Question 17

Consequence of the applications

Answer 17

(Decrease)
HR at given speed

(Increase) Lactate threshold and lactate turn point (run faster before
metabolite accumulation)

Question 18

Specificity & Reversibility within Cardiovacular fitness

Answer 18

Changes that result from endurance training occur at different rates as do subsequent changes that result from de-training

A range of factors influence the degree of adaptive response: initial fitness level, training intensity, frequency and duration.